Abstract: A humidification system for delivering humidified gases to a user can include a heater base, humidification chamber having an inlet, outlet, and associated fluid conduit, and breathing circuit including a supply conduit, inspiratory conduit, and optional expiratory conduit. The humidification system can include various features to help make set-up less difficult and time-consuming. For example, the supply conduit, inspiratory conduit, and optional expiratory conduit can be coupled into a one-piece circuit to aid set-up. Various components can be color-coded and can have corresponding structures to indicate which components should be connected to one another during set-up. Such features can also help make the set-up process more intuitive for an operator, which can reduce the need for specialized training and reduce the number of potential errors.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are disclosed for effecting gene silencing (e.g., post transcriptional gene silencing) in an organism by targeting 15-20 nucleotides of mRNA.

Abstract: Disclosed are a variety of methods for achieving enhanced expression from a target nucleotide sequence in a plant e.g. comprising the step of transiently introducing into a tissue of a plant (e.g. a leaf) a first nucleic acid comprising the target nucleotide sequence and a second nucleic acid encoding a Post Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) suppressor protein (preferably of viral or plant origin), wherein the first and second nucleic acids are comprised within a single binary vector, construct, or the first and second nucleic acid sequences are comprised within a first binary vector and a second binary vector construct respectively. The plant tissue may then be harvested for the protein. Such methods can give much higher levels of gene expression than are obtainable using stable transgenes, or certain replicating vectors.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for screening for the occurrence of gene silencing (e.g., post transcriptional gene silencing) in an organism. Also provided are methods for isolating silencing agents so identified.

Abstract: Cells that have been exogenously supplied with short RNA molecules to effect posttranscriptional gene silencing are described.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for screening for the occurrence of gene silencing (e.g., post transcriptional gene silencing) in an organism. Also provided are methods for isolating silencing agents so identified.

Abstract: The invention is directed to compositions for gene silencing by providing short RNA molecules to cells.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for gene silencing (e.g. post transcriptional gene silencing) in an organism using small RNA molecules.

Abstract: The invention relates to short RNA molecules of about 25 nucleotides in length, which comprise antisense RNA complementary to a targeted mRNA and corresponding sense RNA molecules. These short RNA molecules are effective in post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS).

Abstract: A method to silence a gene in cells by post-transcriptional gene silencing is described which method employs short RNA molecules (SRMs). SRMs are short sense RNA molecules (SSRMs) and short antisense RNA molecules (SARMs) which SARMs are complementary to a region of a target RNA transcribed from a gene to be silenced and said SSRMs correspond to the sequence of the target RNA.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for screening of the occurrence of gene silencing (e.g. post transcriptional gene silencing) in an organism. Also provided are methods for isolating silencing agents so identified.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for screening for the occurrence of gene silencing (e.g., post transcriptional gene silencing) in an organism. Also provided are methods for isolating silencing agents so identified.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for screening for the occurrence of gene silencing (e.g., post transcriptional gene silencing) in an organism. Also provided are methods for isolating silencing agents so identified.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for gene silencing (e.g. post transcriptional gene silencing) in an organism using small RNA molecules.

Abstract: Disclosed are a variety of methods for achieving enhanced expression from a target nucleotide sequence in a plant e.g. comprising the step of transiently introducing into a tissue of a plant (e.g. a leaf) a first nucleic acid comprising the target nucleotide sequence and a second nucleic acid encoding a Post Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) suppressor protein (preferably of viral or plant origin), wherein the first and second nucleic acids are comprised within a single binary vector construct, or the first and second nucleic acid sequences are comprised within a first binary vector and a second binary vector construct respectively. The plant tissue may then be harvested for the protein. Such methods can give much higher levels of gene expression than are obtainable using stable transgenes, or certain replicating vectors.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for screening for the occurrence of gene silencing (e.g., post transcriptional gene silencing) in an organism. Also provided are methods for isolating silencing agents so identified.

Abstract: Constructs and methods for enhancing the inhibition of a target gene within an organism involve inserting into the gene silencing vector an inverted repeat sequence of all or part of a polynucleotide region within the vector. The inverted repeat sequence may be a synthetic polynucleotide sequence or comprise a modified natural polynucleotide sequence.