Abstract: Disclosed are biomaterials, including engineered living materials (ELMs), comprising a plurality of microbial cells, wherein the material has a Young's Modulus of at least 5 Gpa; and methods of fabricating said biomaterials.

Abstract: Disclosed are biomaterials, including engineered living materials (ELMs), comprising a plurality of microbial cells, wherein the material has a Young's Modulus of at least 5 Gpa; and methods of fabricating said biomaterials.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are engineered bacteria that manufacture biofilms from bacterial amyloid structures. These biofilms and biofilm matrices are capable of generating fibrous proteinaceous networks and being used as 3D-printing inks.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to methods of genetically modifying bacteria to create amyloid-based materials, such as biofilms created by amyloid fibers, having nonnative functional polypeptides expressed thereon and connected thereto by a linker domain optimized for functioning of the non-native functional polypeptides. According to one aspect, the linker domain is optimized for functioning of a CsgA protein as is it assembled into an amyloid state and for functioning of the functional polypeptide. Exemplary biofilms may include living bacterial cells, non-living bacterial cells or combinations of living bacterial cells and non-living bacterial cells. Methods of making biofilms having non-native functional polypeptides attached thereto are provided.