Abstract: A method for controlling xylophages (e.g., termites, Asian Beetle, Emerald Ash borer, Weevils, Deathwatch Caterpillars, cockroaches) by inhibiting methane production of methanogenic Archaea in the digestive tract thereof. The inhibiting of the critical biochemical pathways specific to the methanogenic Archaea is achieved by contacting the xylophage with one or more antimethanogenic reagent (AMR) compounds. The AMRs may include, for example, naturally-occurring statins (which may be found in red yeast rice) or derivatives thereof, linoleic acid or related compounds, essential oils, certain synthetic compounds or combinations thereof. As a result, the effectiveness of the methanogenic Archaea to produce methane is compromised. This subsequently results into the malfunctioning of the xylophages' digestive system and provides a safe, natural, green and sustainable means of controlling the xylophages.

Abstract: Chemically oxidizing a wide range of targeted contaminants in soils, sludges, and groundwater and assisting in the eventual (over time) biological attenuation of the contaminants utilizing persulfates activated by BOF steel slag and iron species, such as ferric iron. The use of BOF steel slag and iron species to activate persulfate results in a formation of persulfate-based reactive species and ferrate (pH stabilized) for multiple chemical oxidation processes that rapidly degrade target contaminants. Furthermore, residual iron sulfate supports biodegradation of partially oxidized compounds.

Abstract: Anaerobic reductive dechlorination processes remove chlorinated solvents from contaminated subsurface soil and ground water. The presence of zero-valent metals into the remedial mixtures provides a method of buffering the pH of the reaction and also provides a source for the iron reducing bacteria that catalyze the dehalorespiration reactions. The present invention provides an alternative method to control the release rate of the zero-valent metals during dechlorination. The invention utilizes encapsulated substrates to control the release rate of zero-valent metals, therefore prolonging the biotic and abiotic processes of anaerobic reductive dechlorination while promoting sorption of hydrophobic chlorinated volatile organic compounds into the lipid coating, further enhancing the efficacy of the zero valent metal treatment.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting methane production in the digestive tract of methanogenic Archaea (e.g., termites, other wood boring pests). The inhibiting of the critical biochemical pathways specific to the methanogenic Archaea is achieved by having the methanogenic Archaea ingest an anti-methanogenic compound. The anti-methanogenic compound may include, for example, naturally-occurring statins or derivatives thereof, linoleic acid or related compounds, essential oils, or some combination thereof. The naturally-occurring statins can be found in the red yeast rice extract or related biomass. As a result, the effectiveness of the methanogenic Archaea to produce methane is compromised, which subsequently results into the malfunctioning of the xylophages' digestive system. This provides a safe, natural, green and sustainable means of controlling many pests such as the Asian Beetle, Emerald Ash borer, Weevils, Deathwatch Caterpillars, and termites.

Abstract: A method for controlling xylophages (e.g., termites, Asian Beetle, Emerald Ash borer, Weevils, Deathwatch Caterpillars, cockroaches) by inhibiting methane production of methanogenic Archaea in the digestive tract thereof. The inhibiting of the critical biochemical pathways specific to the methanogenic Archaea is achieved by contacting the xylophage with one or more antimethanogenic reagent (AMR) compounds. The AMRs may include, for example, naturally-occurring statins (which may be found in red yeast rice) or derivatives thereof, linoleic acid or related compounds, essential oils, certain synthetic compounds or combinations thereof. As a result, the effectiveness of the methanogenic Archaea to produce methane is compromised. This subsequently results into the malfunctioning of the xylophages' digestive system and provides a safe, natural, green and sustainable means of controlling the xylophages.

Abstract: A method for controlling methanogenesis during environmental applications by inhibiting methane production of methanogens located in an environmental medium. The inhibiting of the critical biochemical pathways specific to the methanogens is achieved by providing one or more antimethanogenic reagent (AMR) compounds to the environmental medium. The AMR may include, for example, naturally-occurring statins (which may be found in red yeast rice), essential oils, certain synthetic compounds or combinations thereof. Limiting the methanogens in the environmental medium allows the slower-growing, halo-respiring bacteria that are utilized to dechlorinate containments to utilize the hydrogen donors (either naturally occurring or provided via fermentable substrates provided as part of a reduction process). The AMRs are harmless to the halo-respiring bacteria.

Abstract: Providing essential oils and/or saponins such as, garlic oil, cinnamon bark oil or powder, and lemongrass oil to an environmental medium to disrupt the enzyme and coenzyme systems, that are integral parts of the methanogenesis process. The disruption limits the growth and reproduction of the methanogens that normally compete with slower-growing, halo-respiring bacteria for the hydrogen donors within the environmental medium (either naturally occurring or provided via fermentable substrates provided to the environmental medium of part of a reduction process). The amount of methane produced during in situ remediation processes is also reduced. The essential oils/saponins are harmless to the slower-growing, halo-respiring bacteria that are utilized to dechlorinate containments in the environmental medium.

Abstract: Chemically oxidizing a wide range of targeted contaminants in soils, sludges, groundwater, process water, and wastewater and assisting in the eventual (over time) biological attenuation of the contaminants utilizing persulfates activated by trivalent metals, such as ferric iron. The use of trivalent metal activated persulfate results in a chemical oxidation process that yields degradation compounds which facilitate further attenuation via biological processes.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting methane production in naturally occurring or induced reducing conditions, thus subsequently resulting into inhibition of the biomethylation process of the heavy metals is disclosed. The disclosed inhibiting composition blocks 3-hydroxy-3-ethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, and 8-hydroxy-5-deazaflavin (coenzyme F420) in the methane production pathway, due to the presence of lovastatin in the red yeast rice. As a result the methanogens are unable to produce enough quantities of methane that will result to the production of methylmetal(loids), which are usually volatile and more toxic than their inorganic counterparts due to increased water solubility and hydrophobicity.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting methane production in the digestive tract of methanogenic Archaea (e.g., termites, other wood boring pests). The inhibiting of the critical biochemical pathways specific to the methanogenic Archaea is achieved by having the methanogenic Archaea ingest an anti-methanogenic compound. The anti-methanogenic compound may include, for example, naturally-occurring statins or derivatives thereof, linoleic acid or related compounds, essential oils, or some combination thereof. The naturally-occurring statins can be found in the red yeast rice extract or related biomass. As a result, the effectiveness of the methanogenic Archaea to produce methane is compromised, which subsequently results into the malfunctioning of the xylophages' digestive system. This provides a safe, natural, green and sustainable means of controlling many pests such as the Asian Beetle, Emerald Ash borer, Weevils, Deathwatch Caterpillars, and termites.

Abstract: A method for the removal of semi-volatile organic compounds in soils, sludges, groundwater, process water, and wastewater is presented. Oxidation and biological attenuation processes utilize peroxide, persulfates, percarbonates, and/or other oxidants with trivalent metals, such as ferric iron (Fe3+) or manganic ion (Mn3+) as activators. The resulting chemical oxidation process yields degradation compounds which facilitate further attenuation via biological processes.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting methane and hydrogen sulfide production from anaerobic digester systems and other biogas generating mediums disclosed. The biogas generating medium is contacted with an effective amount of a composition comprising red yeast rice and iron oxide to cause inhibition of methane and hydrogen sulfide production, and is useful in biogas generating medium from animal farms, including a swine, cattle or chicken farms. The method is useful to inhibit methane and hydrogen sulfide production in sewage systems, landfills, and sediment containing organic carbon. The disclosed inhibiting composition blocks 3-hydroxy-3-ethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, and 8-hydroxy-5-deazaflavin (coenzyme F420) in the methane production pathway, due to the presence of lovastatin in the red yeast rice.

Abstract: This method of restricting methane production in methanogenic bacteria, by the use of the enzyme and coenzyme inhibitors, works during anaerobic reductive dechlorination. Various compounds such as, but not limited to, red yeast rice, vitamin B10 derivatives, and ethanesulfonates are utilized to disrupt these different enzyme and coenzyme systems responsible for the production of methane. This method affects the competition of the methanogen and halo bacteria for the organic hydrogen donors that are injected in the soil and groundwater system during the remediation process.

Abstract: A method for the removal of semi-volatile organic compounds in soils, sludges, groundwater, process water, and wastewater is presented. Oxidation and biological attenuation processes utilize persulfates and other oxidants with trivalent metals, such as ferrous iron or Mn3+, as activators. The resulting chemical oxidation process yields degradation compounds which facilitate further attenuation via biological processes.

Abstract: Anaerobic reductive dechlorination processes remove chlorinated solvents from contaminated subsurface soil and ground water. The presence of organic hydrogen donors enables anaerobic microorganisms present in the subsurface soil and groundwater to accelerate the reductive dechlorination process. The present invention provides an alternative method to control the release rate of organic hydrogen donors during dechlorination. The invention utilizes encapsulated substrates to control the release rate of organic hydrogen donors, therefore accelerating the biotic process of anaerobic reductive dechlorination.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting methane production in naturally occurring or induced reducing conditions, thus subsequently resulting into inhibition of the biomethylation process of the heavy metals is disclosed. The disclosed inhibiting composition blocks 3-hydroxy-3-ethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, and 8-hydroxy-5-deazaflavin (coenzyme F420) in the methane production pathway, due to the presence of lovastatin in the red yeast rice. As a result the methanogens are unable to produce enough quantities of methane that will result to the production of methylmetal(loids), which are usually volatile and more toxic than their inorganic counterparts due to increased water solubility and hydrophobicity.

Abstract: A method for the removal of semi-volatile organic compounds in soils, sludges, groundwater, process water, and wastewater is presented. Oxidation and biological attenuation processes utilize persulfates and other oxidants with trivalent metals, such as ferrous iron or Mn3+, as activators. The resulting chemical oxidation process yields degradation compounds which facilitate further attenuation via biological processes.

Abstract: A method for the removal of semi-volatile organic compounds in soils, sludges, groundwater, process water, and wastewater is presented. Oxidation and biological attenuation processes utilize peroxide, persulfates, percarbonates, and/or other oxidants with trivalent metals, such as ferric iron (Fe3+) or manganic ion (Mn3+) as activators. The resulting chemical oxidation process yields degradation compounds which facilitate further attenuation via biological processes.

Abstract: This method of restricting methane production in methanogenic bacteria, by the use of the enzyme and coenzyme inhibitors, works during anaerobic reductive dechlorination. Various compounds such as, but not limited to, red yeast rice, vitamin B10 derivatives, and ethanesulfonates are utilized to disrupt these different enzyme and coenzyme systems responsible for the production of methane. This method affects the competition of the methanogen and halo bacteria for the organic hydrogen donors that are injected in the soil and groundwater system during the remediation process.

Abstract: Anaerobic reductive dechlorination processes remove chlorinated solvents from contaminated subsurface soil and ground water. The presence of organic hydrogen donors enables anaerobic microorganisms present in the subsurface soil and groundwater to accelerate the reductive dechlorination process. The present invention provides an alternative method to control the release rate of organic hydrogen donors during dechlorination. The invention utilizes encapsulated substrates to control the release rate of organic hydrogen donors, therefore accelerating the biotic process of anaerobic reductive dechlorination.