Abstract: A switching control valve for use in controlling the motion of a hydraulic component is provided. The valve includes a housing that defines a feed port, an outlet port, a drain port, and a longitudinal opening through the housing. The valve also includes an inlet valve moveably positionable in the longitudinal opening for selectively fluidly connecting the feed port to the outlet port, as well as a drain valve moveably positionable in the longitudinal opening for selectively fluidly connecting the outlet port to the drain port. The valve further includes a valve shaft that is moveably positionable in the longitudinal opening, such as by a solenoid or similar control device, and is operably connected to the inlet valve and the drain valve. The housing, the inlet valve and/or the drain valve are configured to provide permanent fluid communication between the outlet port and the drain port.

Abstract: An open nozzle unit fuel injector having an injector body for receiving a plunger assembly therein is disclosed including a fuel supply source for providing a metered quantity of fuel to a metering chamber formed in a central bore of the injector body to be injected into the cylinder of the internal combustion engine and a trapped volume spill port for a volume of fuel trapped in the metering chamber when the plunger has moved from its fully retracted position to its fully advanced position and injection has terminated. In accordance with the present invention, an open nozzle unit fuel injector is achieved which exhibits a sharp ending of injection, which prevents secondary injection and which significantly reduces the unburned hydrocarbon emissions of the engine incorporating such open nozzle unit fuel injectors including a trapped volume spill port.

Abstract: An engine-cooling system has each of the vent pipes connecting a geodetic high point with the expansion tank provided with a hydrodynamic flow-controlling throttle which provides substantially unobstructed flow to air and provides increasing flow resistance with increasing liquid flow throughput of the coolant-circulating pump.