Abstract: The hardening of a composition containing a phenolic resin solution and a magnesia aggregate is effected by mixing into such composition at a pH of at least 4.5: a compound which provides an acetate, adipate, 4-aminobenzenesulfonate, 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylate, formate, glycolate, lactate, nitrate, benzenesulfonate, naphthalenesulfonate, methanesulfonate, phenolsulfonate, succinate, sulfamate, or toluenesulfonate anion to the composition; or an acetylacetone, 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, salicylaldehyde compound; or a mixture of said compounds.

Abstract: There are disclosed methods and compositions for accelerating the hardening of phenolic resole resins having a pH of about 4.5 to 9.5 with lightburned magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide, with or without the addition of an ester functional hardening agent. Acceleration of hardening is achieved by incorporating into said compositions an effective quantity of a material which: increases the solubility of magnesium in the hardenable mixture; by certain amines; or by certain chelating agents. Accelerator compounds include those which provide chloride, sulfamate, nitrate, formate, and phosphite anions as well as selected tertiary amines.

Abstract: The hardening of a composition containing a phenolic resin solution and a magnesia aggregate is effected by mixing into such composition at a pH of at least 4.5: a compound which provides an acetate, adipate, 4-aminobenzeneslfonate, 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylate, formate, glycolate, lactate, nitrate, benzenesulfonate, naphthalenesulfonate, methanesulfonate, phenolsulfonate, succinate, sulfamate, or toluenesulfonate anion to the composition; or an acetylacetone, 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, salicylaldehyde compound; or a mixture of said compounds.

Abstract: There are disclosed methods and compositions for retarding the room temperature gelation and eventual hardening of phenolic resole resins when such resins are mixed with lightburned magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide hardening agents with or without an ester functional hardening agent. Retardation of gelation and hardening is achieved by incorporating into said mixture a compound which decreases the solubility of magnesium in said mixture. Additionally, hardening at higher temperatures, thermal curing, as well as refractories, coated abrasives, polymer concrete, and other methods and compositions of this invention are disclosed.

Abstract: There are disclosed methods and compositions for accelerating the hardening of phenolic resole resins having a pH of about 4.5 to 9.5 with lightburned magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide, with or without the addition of an ester functional hardening agent. Acceleration of hardening is achieved by incorporating into said compositions an effective quantity of a material which: increases the solubility of magnesium in the hardenable mixture; by certain amines; or by certain chelating agents. Accelerator compounds include those which provide chloride, sulfamate, nitrate, formate, and phosphite anions as well as selected tertiary amines.

Abstract: There is disclosed methods and compositions for retarding the room temperature hardening of phenolic resole resins when such resins are mixed with lightburned magnesium oxide with or without an ester functional hardening agent. Compounds which act as retarders include azelaic acid, salicylamide, sulfanilic acid, glyoxal, salicylic acid, N-methylaniline, and 2,6-diethylaniline.

Abstract: The hardening of a composition containing a phenolic resin solution and a magnesia aggregate is effected by mixing into such composition at a pH of at least 4.5: a compound which provides an acetate, adipate, 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylate, formate, glycolate, lactate, nitrate, benzenesulfonate, naphthalenesulfonate, methanesulfonate, phenolsulfonate, succinate, sulfamate, or toluenesulfonate anion to the composition; or a mixture of said compounds.

Abstract: There are disclosed methods and compositions for accelerating the hardening of phenolic resole resins having a pH of about 4.5 to 9.5 with lightburned magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide, with or without the addition of an ester functional hardening agent. Acceleration of hardening is achieved by incorporating into said compositions an effective quantity of a material which: increases the solubility of magnesium in the hardenable mixture; by certain amines; or by certain chelating agents. Accelerator compounds include those which provide chloride, sulfamate, nitrate, formate, and phosphite anions as well as selected tertiary amines.

Abstract: There is disclosed methods and compositions for retarding the room temperature hardening of phenolic resole resins when such resins are mixed with lightburned magnesium oxide with or without an ester functional hardening agent. Compounds which act as retarders include azelaic acid, salicylamide, sulfanilic acid, N-methylaniline, and 2,6-diethylaniline.

Abstract: Retarding the hardening of a composition containing a phenolic resin solution and a magnesia aggregate is effected by mixing into such composition a compound which provides an aspartate, fluoride, bifluoride, malate, tartrate, citrate, oxalate, phosphate or phosphonate anion to the composition or a tetraalkoxy silane, a partially hydrolyzed tetraalkoxy silane, 2-, or 4-chlorophenol, or 2'-, or 4'-hydroxyacetophenone.

Abstract: There are disclosed methods and compositions for retarding the room temperature gelation and eventual hardening of phenolic resole resins when such resins are mixed with lightburned magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide hardening agents with or without an ester functional hardening agent. Retardation of gelation and hardening is achieved by incorporating into said mixture a compound which decreases the solubility of magnesium in said mixture. Additionally, hardening at higher temperatures, thermal curing, as well as refractories, coated abrasives, polymer concrete, and other methods and compositions of this invention are disclosed.

Abstract: There are disclosed methods and compositions for room temperature hardening of phenolic resole resin refractory compositions containing a magnesium oxide hardening agent alone or together with an organic ester. The resin is a low viscosity, low molecular weight resin having a high free phenol content. The magnesium hardening agent has a surface area of at least 20 square meters per gram. The compositions provide adequate working times and room temperature hardening within 24 hours.

Abstract: There are disclosed methods and compositions for retarding the room temperature gelation and eventual hardening of phenolic resole resins when such resins are mixed with lightburned magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide hardening agents with or without an ester functional hardening agent. Retardation of gelation and hardening is achieved by incorporating into said mixture a compound which decreases the solubility of magnesium in said mixture. Additionally, hardening at higher temperatures, thermal curing, as well as refractories, coated abrasives, polymer concrete, and other methods and compositions of this invention are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to phenolic resin compositions and methods for making cured phenolic resin compositions. The phenolic resin compositions of this invention comprise an esterified phenolic compound and a base and optionally an unesterified phenolic resole resin. The composition cures in the presence of water or other polar solvent. The esterified phenolic compound contains at least one phenolic hydroxyl group or an esterified phenolic hydroxyl group and further contains at least one esterified methylol group positioned ortho or para to a phenolic hydroxyl group or an esterified phenolic group.The compounds find particular use in bonding refractory materials, such as sand, in the production of foundry moulds and cores and in treating subterranean formations. These composition have the advantage that cure can be obtained at room temperature without the use of strong alkali. The use of this system also prevents the release of alcohols during the saponification stage of the ester cure process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a binder composition comprising a low molecular weight poly (orthomethylolated) phenolic compound which is combined with a phenol formaldehyde novolac resin and cured in the presence of alkali and an organic ester. Low and high density aggregates can be added to the binder to produce foundry or refractory articles. The binder can also be applied, with or without aggregate, to paper, fabrics, or concrete.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of lithium ion-generating alkalizing agents in resole binder compositions useful for bonding aggregate materials to form refractory articles. Use of lithium-ion generating alkalizing agents produce resole resin binder compositions which, when cured by an ester functional curing agent, exhibit tensile and compression strengths superior to strengths obtained from compositions using sodium ion-generating or potassium ion-generating alkalizing agents.

Abstract: Cement mix, particularly concrete mixes, for high compressive strength including early compressive strength, have extended workability without substantial loss in rate of hardening when containing an admixture combination of a sulfonated naphthalene-formaldehyde condensated and fractionated sulfonated lignin, such as ultrafiltered lignosulfonate.

Abstract: A hydraulic cement mix including hydraulic cement, aggregate, sufficient water to affect hydraulic setting of the cement, and an additive comprising an N-methylol amide, specifically, tri- or tetramethylolglycoluril alone or in combination with other accelerators of set. The additive is present in an amount sufficient to decrease the time necessary for the hardening of the concrete mix. Generally, the additive is present in a total amount of up to about 4.0% by weight based upon the weight of cement in the mix, usually in an amount of between about 0.01% and about 2.50% by weight of cement. The latter concentration is present when complex combinations of accelerators of set for hydraulic cement are employed.

Abstract: A hydraulic cement mix including hydraulic cement, aggregate, sufficient water to effect hydraulic setting of the cement, and an additive comprising a poly(hydroxyalkylated)polyethyleneamine or a poly(hydroxyethyl)polyethyleneimine or mixtures of each or both, the additive being present in an amount sufficient to increase the compressive strength of the hardened mix. Generally, the additive is present in a total amount of up to about 0.25% by weight based upon the weight of the cement, usually in an amount of between about 0.01% and about 0.25% by weight based upon the weight of the cement, preferably in an amount in the range of about 0.02% to about 0.07% by weight.

Abstract: The present invention is a specific combination of components having unique properties both in composition and benefits. Such a combination has been found in alkali or alkaline earth metal nitrates, alkanolamines and alkali or alkaline earth metal thiocyanates. In such combinations it has also been found that alkaline and alkali earth thiosulfates and chlorides below the concentration level where corrosion is promoted may advantageously be substituted for all or part of the thiocyanates and that diethanolamine, N,N-di(hydroxyethyl)glycine (bicine) and N,N-di(hydroxyethyl)-.beta.-aminopropionic acid (DAPA) and certain alkanolamines and alkanolamino acids and derivatives may advantageously be substituted for all or part of the triethanolamine.