Abstract: There is provided a method performed by an entity for load balancing in a system including a function-as-a-service (FaaS) system and a container-as-a-service (CaaS) system. The method is performed in response to a change in a load balancing configuration of a plurality of software containers of the CaaS system and/or a second load balancing configuration of a plurality of software functions of the FaaS system. Each software container is associated with a respective software function. The first load balancing configuration and second load balancing configuration are coordinated such that, following the change, each execution instance of one or more of the plurality software functions is subject to the same load balancing configuration as each instance of one or more of the plurality of software containers with which the one or more of the plurality of software functions is associated.

Abstract: A technique for dynamically determining a modification of an initial cloud computing deployment (CCD) of a serverless application with multiple application functions is described. The multiple application functions in the initial CCD are grouped into one or more deployment artifacts each comprising at least one application function, wherein each deployment artifact is associated with a dedicated cloud computing platform type selected from FaaS and CaaS. An apparatus of the present disclosure is configured to obtain at least one requirement for the serverless application or its deployment, and to obtain an application model of the serverless application.

Abstract: There is provided a method performed by an entity for managing traffic between a network gateway and an application server. In response to a user equipment (UE) connecting to or disconnecting from the network gateway, a network prefix assigned to a DNS view is updated (102). The network prefix comprises one or more internet protocol (IP) addresses that each identify a UE that is connected to the network gateway and to which the DNS view is accessible. Traffic between the network gateway and the application server is steered according to the DNS view to which the updated network prefix is assigned.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to methods and apparatuses for providing a back-up service. A method in a reliability lifecycle manager (RLCM) is provided for managing orchestration of a back-up service for an original service.

Abstract: In a method performed by a first node associated with a first domain of a communications network, a first message is sent (302) to a second node associated with a second domain of the communications network. The first message comprises an indication of a resource in the first domain that is available to the second domain. The first message further comprises an anonymised first global unique identifier associated with the first domain.

Abstract: A technique for dynamically determining a modification of an initial cloud computing deployment (CCD) of a serverless application with multiple application functions is described. The multiple application functions in the initial CCD are grouped into one or more deployment artifacts each comprising at least one application function, wherein each deployment artifact is associated with a dedicated cloud computing platform type selected from FaaS and CaaS. An apparatus of the present disclosure is configured to obtain at least one requirement for the serverless application or its deployment, and to obtain an application model of the serverless application.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide methods and apparatus for life cycle management in virtual networks.

Abstract: A first orchestrator (20-1) for a first domain (10-1) is configured for multi-domain orchestration. The first orchestrator (20-1) receives an inbound orchestration request (22) that requests orchestration of one or more inbound targets (24) and that includes one or more records (26). The one or more records (26) either indicate an ancestry of each of the one or more inbound targets (24) or indicate an ancestry of the inbound orchestration request (22). The first orchestrator (20-1), based on the one or more records (26) included in the inbound orchestration request (22), evaluating whether or not to send from the first domain (10-1) to a second domain (10-2) an outbound orchestration request (28) that requests orchestration of an outbound target (30). The outbound target (30) is one of, or is a descendant of at least one of, the one or more inbound targets (24).

Abstract: It is disclosed a method and an apparatus (80) of providing a function as a service, faas, deployment of an application. A deployment unit is generated (30, 44, 508) per group of application blocks, where said deployment unit comprises said group of application blocks, and an implementation of function invocation for functions being accessed by groups of application blocks. Function invocations of the group of application blocks are constrained or bound (604, 610, 612) to libraries of supporting implementations. Deployment units are provided (32, 48, 510) together with the element invocations attached to said libraries, to a lifecycle manager of a faas platform, whereby the faas platform implements the faas deployment of said application the performance targets of which, being related to the groups of application blocks. This disclosure enables a developer to adjust the performance of an application without having to change the logic of application implementations.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide methods and apparatus for life cycle management in virtual networks.

Abstract: A multi-provider network infrastructure is described herein where a Multi-Domain Orchestrator (MDO) is configured to assist a Path Computation Entity (PCE) in resolving a placement and location (identifier) of a tunnel path endpoint for a network service.

Abstract: A technique for status change handling in an interconnect node is described, wherein the node comprises a data plane that can assume, per service, a passive or active status. A method aspect in the node comprises transmitting, to another node, a first indication that a change has been or is about to be performed, awaiting, from the other node, reception of a second indication that the data plane in the other node has been set to the passive status, and activating, responsive to the received indication, the data plane of the node from the passive status to the active status. The method aspect in the other node further comprises receiving, from the node, the first indication, passivating, responsive to the receiving step, the data plane being in the active status to the passive status, and transmitting, upon completion of the passivating step, the second indication.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for operating a virtual node in a LAG that includes a first virtual node and a second virtual node are disclosed. The first virtual node includes at least a first fellow node and a second fellow node. In one exemplary method, the first fellow node receives, from the second virtual node, first control information comprising a system ID and first configuration information associated with the LAG. The first control information is compared with reference configuration information representing previously established expected configuration information associated with the LAG. Based on that comparison, and at least one additional criterion, a split brain condition may be determined to exist in the LAG. In a complementary fashion, a fellow node of the second virtual node may be configured to alter its transmitted configuration information depending on whether it is able to communicate with its fellow node in the second virtual node.

Abstract: A multi-provider network infrastructure is described herein where a Multi-Domain Orchestrator (MDO) is configured to assist a Path Computation Entity (PCE) in resolving a placement and location (identifier) of a tunnel path endpoint for a network service.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a method of operating a network node of a communication network is provided, the network node being connected to a downstream network node, and to a non-downstream loop free alternate (LFA) network node comprising a load balancing identifier indicating whether it is allowed to load balance the data packet via a non-downstream LFA network node or not; changing, if the load balancing identifier indicates that it is allowed to load balance the data packet via a non-downstream LFA network node, and if the network node decides to load balance the data packet via the non-downstream LFA network node, the load balancing identifier of the data packet such that it indicates that a further load balancing of the data packet via a further non-downstream LFA network node is not allowed; and forwarding the thus modified data packet to the non-downstream LFA network node.

Abstract: A method of updating conversation allocation in link aggregation is disclosed. The method starts with verifying that an implementation of a conversation-sensitive link aggregation control protocol (LACP) is operational at a network device of a network for an aggregation port. Then it is determined that operations through enhanced link aggregation control protocol data units (LACPDUs) are possible. The enhanced LACPDUs can be used for updating conversation allocation information, and the determination is based at least partially on a compatibility check between a first set of operational parameters of the network device and a second set of operational parameters of a partner network device. Then a conversation allocation state of an aggregation port of the link aggregation group is updated based on a determination that the conversation allocation state is incorrect, where the conversation allocation state indicates a list of conversations transmitting through the aggregation port.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to the support of optical connection setup. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a technique of supporting provision of a connection via a data communication network of an optical network between packet network islands. A method embodiment comprises establishing a Border Gateway Protocol-Link State, BGP-LS, connection via the DCN between a first edge node of the first packet network island and a BGP-LS node in the optical network.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for operating a virtual node in a LAG that includes a first virtual node and a second virtual node are disclosed. The first virtual node includes at least a first fellow node and a second fellow node. In one exemplary method, the first fellow node receives, from the second virtual node, first control information comprising a system ID and first configuration information associated with the LAG. The first control information is compared with reference configuration information representing previously established expected configuration information associated with the LAG. Based on that comparison, and at least one additional criterion, a split brain condition may be determined to exist in the LAG. In a complementary fashion, a fellow node of the second virtual node may be configured to alter its transmitted configuration information depending on whether it is able to communicate with its fellow node in the second virtual node.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for operating a virtual node in a LAG that includes a first virtual node and a second virtual node are disclosed. The first virtual node includes at least a first fellow node and a second fellow node. In one exemplary method, the first fellow node receives, from the second virtual node, first control information comprising a system ID and first configuration information associated with the LAG. The first control information is compared with reference configuration information representing previously established expected configuration information associated with the LAG. Based on that comparison, and at least one additional criterion, a split brain condition may be determined to exist in the LAG. In a complementary fashion, a fellow node of the second virtual node may be configured to alter its transmitted configuration information depending on whether it is able to communicate with its fellow node in the second virtual node.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a technique for ensuring that a service or conversation is carried in a congruent manner on a Link Aggregation Group (LAG). The Service ID (e.g., conversation ID) to link mapping is configured on both sides of the LAG independently of each other. The Service ID to link assignment is stored in a well-defined format, e.g. in an assignment table. A digest is then prepared on the assignment table. The digest is exchanged between the two sides of the LAG. If there is a mismatch between the digests, then the service is transmitted on a predefined and agreed-upon default link if congruency has to be enforced for that particular service. Furthermore, the digest exchange allows verification on the configuration to check whether all services to be handed-off are configured on both sides.