Abstract: The invention relates to copolymers which comprise, in copolymerized form, a1) 30 to 90% by weight of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated C3-C8-carboxylic acid or of an anhydride or water-soluble salt thereof, a2) 3 to 60% by weight of at least one monomer comprising sulfo groups, a3) 3 to 60% by weight of at least one nonionic monomer of the formula (I) H2C?C(R1)COO—[R2—O]o—R3??(I) ?in which R1 is hydrogen or methyl, R2 are identical or different, linear or branched C2-C6-alkylene radicals which may be arranged in blocks or randomly, and R3 is hydrogen or a straight-chain or branched C1-C4-alkyl radical and o is a natural number from 3 to 50, a4) 0 to 30% by weight of one or more further ethylenically unsaturated monomers which are polymerizable with a1), a2) and a3), where the sum of a1), a2), a3) and a4) adds up to 100% by weight.

Abstract: A polymer mixture in solid or aqueous form includes a content of from 5 to 95% by weight of a first polymer and a content of from 5 to 95% by weight of a second polymer. The first polymer is a water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer having a weight-average molecular weight of 1000 to 20 000 g/mol. The second polymer is a water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer having a weight-average molecular weight of 1000 to 50 000 g/mol. The polymer mixture can inhibit precipitation and sedimentation of calcium salts and magnesium salts in water-bearing systems.

Abstract: In a process for preparing (meth)acrylic esters (E) of polyalkoxy-containing alcohols which comprises reacting polyalkoxy-containing alcohols (P) of formula (I) where R1 is hydrogen, a hydroxyl group or a straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated alcohol of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R2 and R3 are each independently H or methyl, and m and n are each independently an integer between 0 and 100, with the proviso that m and n cannot both be 0, with a (meth)acrylic anhydride (A) in the presence of at least one basic catalyst (K) having a pKB value of not more than 7.0 and of at least one sterically hindered polymerization inhibitor, the reaction mixture is quenched with a C1-C6 alkanol after the reaction has ended.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of an acrylic acid polymer which contains bound phosphonite groups is provided. The acrylic acid polymer is prepared by a feed operation polymerization which results in the formation of phosphinite groups bound within the acrylic acid polymer chain. The dried acrylic acid polymer is also provided. Dispersions of inorganic pigments prepared in the presence of the acrylic acid polymer or the aqueous solution of the acrylic acid polymer are also provided.

Abstract: In a process for preparing (meth)acrylic esters (E) of polyalkoxy-containing alcohols which comprises reacting polyalkoxy-containing alcohols (P) of formula (I) where R1 is hydrogen, a hydroxyl group or a straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated alcohol of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R2 and R3 are each independently H or methyl, and m and n are each independently an integer between 0 and 100, with the proviso that m and n cannot both be 0, with a (meth)acrylic anhydride (A) in the presence of at least one basic catalyst (K) having a pKB value of not more than 7.0 and of at least one sterically hindered polymerization inhibitor, the reaction mixture is quenched with a C1-C6 alkanol after the reaction has ended.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the continuous production of a polymer by radical polymerization, wherein at least three materials are mixed with microstructures in one or more mixers and are then polymerized in at least one reaction zone.

Abstract: A process for preparing aqueous solutions of homo- or copolymers of acrylic acid by means of free-radical polymerization of acrylic acid and optionally water-soluble, monoethylenically unsaturated comonomers in an aqueous medium in the presence of at least one water-soluble initiator and of at least one water-soluble regulator, wherein the polymerization is conducted by means of a continuous process, and wherein, after the polymerization, low molecular weight components are at least partly removed from the resulting aqueous polymer solution. For the polymerization, preference is given to using microstructured mixers and reactors. Preference is given to using at least one reactor and/or mixer with microstructures for the process.

Abstract: Swellable nonwovens with reduced washoff loss are produced.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous solution of acrylic acid polymers, obtainable by polymerization of acrylic acid in feed mode with peroxodisulfate as initiator in the presence of hypophosphite in water as solvent, wherein (i) water and optionally one or more ethylenically unsaturated comonomers are initially charged, and (ii) acrylic acid in acidic, unneutralized form, optionally one or more ethylenically unsaturated comonomers, aqueous peroxodisulfate solution and aqueous hypophosphite solution are added continuously, and (iii) a base is added on completion of the acrylic acid feed to the aqueous solution, wherein the comonomer content does not exceed 30% by weight, based on total monomer content.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous solution of acrylic acid polymers, obtainable by polymerization of acrylic acid in feed mode with peroxodisulfate as initiator in the presence of hypophosphite in water as solvent, wherein (i) water and optionally one or more ethylenically unsaturated comonomers are initially charged, and (ii) acrylic acid in acidic, unneutralized form, optionally one or more ethylenically unsaturated comonomers, aqueous peroxodisulfate solution and aqueous hypophosphite solution are added continuously, and (iii) a base is added on completion of the acrylic acid feed to the aqueous solution, wherein the comonomer content does not exceed 30% by weight, based on total monomer content.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising an agrochemical active substance and a random terpolymer which comprises the monomers i), ii), iii) and optionally further monomers incorporated into the polymer, where monomer i) comprises an olefinically unsaturated monomer comprising a sulfonic acid group and/or a salt thereof, monomer ii) comprises (meth)acrylamide and/or an N-substituted derivative thereof, and monomer iii) comprises a monoethylenically unsaturated C3-C8-carboxylic acid, an anhydride and/or a salt thereof.

Abstract: Aqueous solutions of acrylic acid polymers are prepared by polymerization of acrylic acid in a feed operation with a free-radical initiator in the presence of hypophosphite in water as solvent, by a process comprising (i) initially charging water and optionally one or more ethylenically unsaturated comonomers, (ii) continuously adding acrylic acid in acidic, unneutralized form, optionally one or more ethylenically unsaturated comonomers, aqueous free-radical initiator solution and aqueous hypophosphite solution, and (iii) adding a base to the aqueous solution on completion of the acrylic acid feed, wherein a comonomer content does not exceed 30% by weight and the aqueous hypophosphite solution is added during a total feed time made up of three consecutive feed time spans ?tI, ?tII, and ?tIII, wherein the average feed rate in the second feed time span ?tII is greater than the average feed rates in the first and third feed time spans ?tI and ?tIII.

Abstract: Method of adjusting the viscosity of a salt having a melting point of less than 100° C. at atmospheric pressure (referred to as ionic liquid for short), wherein an oligomeric or polymeric compound which has a content of at least 0.01 mol of covalently bound acid groups/100 g of compound with at least 1% of the acid groups being present as a salt with an organic cation comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus is added to the ionic liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the continuous production of a polymer by radical polymerization, wherein at least three materials are mixed with microstructures in one or more mixers and are then polymerized in at least one reaction zone.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of an acrylic acid polymer which contains bound phosphonite groups is provided. The acrylic acid polymer is prepared by a feed operation polymerization which results in the formation of phosphinite groups bound within the acrylic acid polymer chain. The dried acrylic acid polymer is also provided. Dispersions of inorganic pigments prepared in the presence of the acrylic acid polymer or the aqueous solution of the acrylic acid polymer are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the continuous production of a polymer by radical polymerization, wherein at least three materials are mixed with microstructures in one or more mixers and are then polymerized in at least one reaction zone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a polymer by free-radical polymerization of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid and/or a salt thereof, at least one ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and/or an anhydride and/or a salt thereof, in the presence of hypophosphorous acid and/or a salt thereof. The invention also relates to a polymer composition obtainable by this process. The invention also relates to the use of such a polymer composition as detergent additive, e.g. as dispersant, scale inhibitor or sequestrant for laundry detergents.

Abstract: A polymer mixture in solid or aqueous form includes a content of from 5 to 95% by weight of a first polymer and a content of from 5 to 95% by weight of a second polymer. The first polymer is a water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer having a weight-average molecular weight of 1000 to 20 000 g/mol. The second polymer is a water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer having a weight-average molecular weight of 1000 to 50 000 g/mol. The polymer mixture can inhibit precipitation and sedimentation of calcium salts and magnesium salts in water-bearing systems.

Abstract: Aqueous solutions of acrylic acid polymers are prepared by polymerization of acrylic acid in a feed operation with a free-radical initiator in the presence of hypophosphite in water as solvent, by a process comprising (i) initially charging water and optionally one or more ethylenically unsaturated comonomers, (ii) continuously adding acrylic acid in acidic, unneutralized form, optionally one or more ethylenically unsaturated comonomers, aqueous free-radical initiator solution and aqueous hypophosphite solution, and (iii) adding a base to the aqueous solution on completion of the acrylic acid feed, wherein a comonomer content does not exceed 30% by weight and the aqueous hypophosphite solution is added during a total feed time made up of three consecutive feed time spans ?tI, ?tII, and ?tIII, wherein the average feed rate in the second feed time span ?tII is greater than the average feed rates in the first and third feed time spans ?tI and ?tIII.

Abstract: A process for preparing aqueous solutions of homo- or copolymers of acrylic acid by means of free-radical polymerization of acrylic acid and optionally water-soluble, monoethylenically unsaturated comonomers in an aqueous medium in the presence of at least one water-soluble initiator and of at least one water-soluble regulator, wherein the polymerization is conducted by means of a continuous process, and wherein, after the polymerization, low molecular weight components are at least partly removed from the resulting aqueous polymer solution. For the polymerization, preference is given to using microstructured mixers and reactors. Preference is given to using at least one reactor and/or mixer with microstructures for the process.