Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of formula (I) or a prodrug thereof useful for treating or preventing irritable bowel syndrome, and a composition comprising the compound as an active ingredient. Also, the present invention provides a method for treating or preventing irritable bowel syndrome, which comprises administrating a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of the compound or the composition to a subject in need of treating or preventing irritable bowel syndrome.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical or cosmetic composition and a method for promoting eyelash growth, wherein nipradilol or pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable salts thereof are used as active ingredients. The composition of the invention may comprise prostaglandin F2? analogues.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition effective in reducing skin wrinkles. The composition comprises a phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, preferably the compound of chemical formula 1, more preferably, mirodenafil as an active ingredient. Further disclosed is a method for reducing skin wrinkles using the composition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition effective in reducing skin wrinkles. The composition comprises or uses a phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor as an active ingredient. Further disclosed is a method for reducing skin wrinkles using the composition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition effective in reducing skin wrinkles. The composition comprises or uses a phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor as an active ingredient. Further disclosed is a method for reducing skin wrinkles using the composition.

Abstract: A method for preparing polymer microparticles with a reduced initial burst, and the polymer microparticles prepared thereby, the method including: contacting polymer microparticles with an alcohol aqueous solution, the polymer microparticles prepared thereby, and use for drug delivery of the polymer microparticles.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fusion protein comprising blood coagulation factor IX (FIX) and transferrin. The fusion protein exhibits improved specific FIX activity, as compared to native FIX, and can be useful in the treatment of FIX deficiency-associated diseases.

Abstract: A fusion protein comprising factor VII (FVII) and transferrin according to the present invention has an improved specific activity of FVII compared to existing FVII fusion proteins comprising other fusion partners than transferrin, and thus can be effectively used in a therapy using FVII.

Abstract: Provided are picolinamide and pyrimidine-4-carboxamide compounds, a method for preparing the same, a pharmaceutical composition containing the same, and a medical use using the compound as an agent for preventing, regulating, and treating diseases related to regulation of glucocorticoids by using selective inhibitory activity of the compound for an 11?-HSD1 enzyme. The picolinamide and pyrimidine-4-carboxamide compounds of the present invention are selective inhibitors of human-derived 11?-HSD1 enzymes, and are useful in an agent for preventing, regulating, and treating diseases related to glucocorticoid regulation in which human-derived 11?-HSD1 enzymes are involved, for example, metabolic syndromes such as, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, diabetes later complications, latent autoimmune diabetes adult (LADA), insulin tolerance syndromes, obesity, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), damaged glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, etc.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds useful as gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (“GnRH”) receptor antagonist.

Abstract: 2-pyridyl substituted imidazoles of the formula (I) as shown in claim 1, are provided, which are useful in the treatment of diseases mediated by ALK5 or ALK4 inhibitors or both.

Abstract: In a non-volatile memory system, a plurality of main memory cells for storing data is arranged in a data cell array and a plurality of reference memory cells is arranged in a reference cell array. The reference cell array includes first reference word lines connected to first reference memory cells and extending, second reference word lines connected to second reference memory cells and extending alternately with the first reference word lines, reference bit lines to which the first and the second reference memory cells are alternately connected in a line and a combined cell having a pair of the first and second reference memory cells and generating a reference signal for processing the data. The first and the second reference memory cells have different cell characteristics. The stability of the reference signal is improved irrespective of the differentiation of the first and the second reference memory cells.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition for transdermal administration containing tolterodine. The composition comprises lidocaine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to achieve enhanced skin penetration. The composition enhances the skin penetration of tolterodine. Therefore, a successful commercial application of a tolterodine-containing transdermal preparation based on the composition can be expected.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition for transdermal administration containing tolterodine. The composition comprises at least one essential oil as an abirritant to minimize skin irritation caused by tolterodine. The composition relieves skin irritation caused by tolterodine. Therefore, a successful commercial application of a tolterodine-containing transdermal preparation based on the composition can be expected.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel 2-pyridyl substituted imidazole derivative, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, which selectively inhibits the transforming growth factor-? (TGF-?) type I receptor (ALK5) and/or the activin type I receptor (ALK4); a pharmaceutical composition comprising same as an active ingredient; and a use of the 2-pyridyl substituted imidazole derivative for the manufacture of a medicament for preventing or treating a disease mediated by ALK5 and/or ALK4 receptors in a mammal.

Abstract: In a method of storing data in a nonvolatile memory device, a program operation is performed on target memory cells among a plurality of memory cells based on a program voltage. A verification operation is performed on the target memory cells based on a verification voltage to determine whether all of the target memory cells are completely programmed. The verification voltage is changed depending on the program operation.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory device includes memory cell active regions and common source active regions extending in parallel on a semiconductor substrate, a self aligned source active region disposed on the semiconductor substrate that intersects the memory cell active regions and the common source active regions and connects the memory cell active regions to the common source active regions, word lines disposed on the memory cell active regions and the common source active regions that intersect the memory cell active regions and the common source active regions, and memory cell transistors formed by the intersection of the word lines and the memory cell active regions, and common source line transistors formed by the intersection of the word lines and the common source active regions, wherein source and drain regions of each of the common source line transistors are separated from each other in the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition or a method for treating or preventing irritable bowel syndrome. The present invention uses Atractylodes japonica rhizome extract, preferably the ethanol water solution extract of Atractylodes japonica rhizome, more preferably the 35-65 v/v % ethanol water solution extract of Atractylodes japonica rhizome for treating or preventing irritable bowel syndrome. Atractylodes japonica rhizome extract shows a surprising effect in suppressing visceral hypersensitivity or improving defecation abnormality caused by stress or bowel irritability.

Abstract: Provided is a flash memory device that can include a memory cell configured to store data, a local bit line that is connected to the memory cell, a global bit line that is connected to the local bit line, a discharge transistor that is connected to the global bit line, and that is configured to selectively connect the global bit line to a reference level responsive to a discharge control signal, and a discharge control circuit, that is connected to the discharge transistor via the discharge control signal, and that is configured to selectively disable the discharge transistor during an erase interval occurring before a verify interval of an erase verification operation carried out by the flash memory device.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a main cell array region, a first redundancy cell array region and a first dummy cell array region that are formed at one side of the main cell array region, and a second redundancy cell array region and a second dummy cell array region that are formed at the other side of the main cell array region. The first redundancy cell array region includes a first redundancy bitline, and the first dummy cell array region includes first dummy bitlines. The second redundancy cell array region includes a second redundancy bitline, and the second dummy cell array region includes second dummy bitlines. The first and second redundancy cell array regions are disposed closer to the main cell array region than the first and second dummy cell array regions.