Abstract: A process for oxygen-initiated hydrobromination of propene to form a crude reaction mixture of 95 GC area % n-propyl bromide. The process includes feeding an oxygen-containing gas, propene and hydrogen bromide into a liquid phase mixture comprised of n-propyl bromide and hydrogen bromide. At least the oxygen-containing gas and the propene of the feed are fed subsurface to the liquid phase mixture and either (a) the oxygen-containing gas and the propene do not come together in the absence of hydrogen bromide or (b) the oxygen-containing gas and the propene come together only in a propene:oxygen molar ratio in the range of 145:1 to 180:1. Purification processes provide a propyl bromide product containing at least 99.7 GC area % n-propyl bromide. Also provided is a novel composition of enhanced thermal stability which comprises a mixture of n-propyl bromide and isopropyl bromide. The mixture has an n-propyl bromide content of at least 99.7 GC area %, and an isopropyl bromide content of no more than 0.

Abstract: A process for oxygen-initiated hydrobromination of propene to form a crude reaction mixture of 95 GC area % n-propyl bromide. The process includes feeding an oxygen-containing gas, propene and hydrogen bromide into a liquid phase mixture comprised of n-propyl bromide and hydrogen bromide. At least the oxygen-containing gas and the propene of the feed are fed subsurface to the liquid phase mixture and either (a) the oxygen-containing gas and the propene do not come together in the absence of hydrogen bromide or (b) the oxygen-containing gas and the propene come together only in a propene:oxygen molar ratio in the range of 145:1 to 180:1. Purification processes provide a propyl bromide product containing at least 99.7 GC area % n-propyl bromide. Also provided is a novel composition of enhanced thermal stability which comprises a mixture of n-propyl bromide and isopropyl bromide. The mixture has an n-propyl bromide content of at least 99.7 GC area %, and an isopropyl bromide content of no more than 0.

Abstract: Bisphenol-A-bis(neopentylglycolphosphate) products of enhanced properties and processes for preparing them are described. One of the processes includes (a) mixing and reacting neopentyl glycol and bisphenol-A-bis(dichlorophosphate) in an inert polar organic solvent which (1) if mixed by itself with an equal volume of water at 25° C., will form a separate phase, (2) the solvent by itself will dissolve at least about 10 wt % of bisphenol-A-bis(neopentylglycolphosphate) at a temperature in the range of 25 to 50° C., and optionally but preferably (3) the solvent by itself can be completely vaporized at a temperature below about 180° C.; (b) washing bisphenol-A-bis(neopentylglycolphosphate) product formed in a) while dissolved in inert organic solvent having such characteristics at least once with an aqueous alkaline washing solution; and (c) optionally but preferably, recovering bisphenol-A-bis(neopentylglycolphosphate) product from organic solvent having such characteristics.

Abstract: A process is described for preventing plugging of distillation equipment when the distillable liquid comprises a mixture of different liquids containing a dissolved substance tending to precipitate from the distillate. An adjuvant is provided to the mixture to be distilled, which adjuvant forms a composition with the dissolved substance that, if isolated, melts at a lower temperature than the distillation temperature.

Abstract: Process technology for selectively isomerizing vinylidene olefin to tri-substituted olefin is described. The vinylidene olefin, normally in admixture with other types of olefins, especially linear 1-olefins, is treated with anhydrous hydrogen bromide under anhydrous conditions and in the absence of molecular oxygen and free radical initiator. The contacting period, which can be a matter of minutes, is sufficient to selectively isomerize the vinylidene olefin to tri-substituted olefin. If the process is conducted properly, little if any hydrobromination occurs.

Abstract: In producing aqueous microbiocidal solutions by oxidation of a water-soluble alkali metal bromide, an intolerable loss of active halogen species has been found to occur during a 10-day period immediately after the product solution has been formed. Surprisingly, this loss has been found to result from an alcohol impurity in the alkali metal bromide used in the process. By eliminating or at least sharply reducing the amount of alcohol impurity in the reaction mixture, products are formed which do not undergo the intolerable loss of active halogen content during the 10-day period.

Abstract: Concentrated liquid biocide compositions are produced by: A) feeding (a) bromine atoms and chlorine atoms in the form of (i) one or more of BrCl, (ii) Br2, and (iii) Cl2 into (b) water containing sulfamate anions, or feeding each of (a) and (b) into a reaction vessel, such that the numerical ratio of the total number of bromine atoms fed to the total number of chlorine atoms fed is in the range of about 0.7:1 to about 1.7:1; and B) providing enough alkali metal base in the mixture being formed in A) to keep the pH of such mixture in the range of about 7-11 during all or substantially all of the time feeding in A) is occurring, the amounts of (a) and (b) used being amounts that form an active-bromine-containing solution in which (i) the active bromine content is 50,000 ppm or more, and (ii) the atom ratio of nitrogen to active bromine originating from (a) and (b) is greater than about 0.

Abstract: This invention relates, inter alia, to a process for the production of tetrabromobisphenol-A by the bromination of bisphenol-A and/or underbrominated bisphenol-A, which process features: a water and water-miscible organic solvent reaction medium; a relatively high reaction temperature; and the presence, in the reaction medium, of both (i) excess unreacted Br2 during the feed of bisphenol-A to the reactor, and (ii) sufficient HBr to protect the tetrabromobisphenol-A produced against undesirable color formation. Tetrabromobisphenol-A precipitates from the reaction mass and is easily recovered. Product of high purity (97% or more) and very low color (APHA of 50 or less) can be produced, even when using large excesses of bromine in the reaction.

Abstract: This invention relates, inter alia, to a process for the production of tetrabromobisphenol-A by the bromination of bisphenol-A and/or underbrominated bisphenol-A, which process features: a water and water-miscible organic solvent reaction medium; a relatively high reaction temperature; and the presence, in the reaction medium, of both (i) excess unreacted Br2 during the feed of bis-phenol-A to the reactor, and (ii) sufficient HBr to protect the tetrabromobisphenol-A produced against undesirable color formation. Tetrabromobisphenol-A precipitates from the reaction mass and is easily recovered. Product of high purity (97% or more) and very low color (APHA of 50 or less) can be produced, even when using large excesses of bromine in the reaction.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of tetrabromobisphenol-A by the bromination of bisphenol-A, which process features the addition of bisphenol-A to a reaction mass containing unreacted Br.sub.2 and 30 to 85 wt % water and an alcohol solvent, the reaction mass being at a relatively high temperature.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of tetrabromobisphenol-A by the bromination of bisphenol-A, which process features: (a) feeding to a reaction mass (i) bisphenol-A and (ii) a stream of gaseous bromine, the gaseous stream having a Reynold's No. .gtoreq.40,000; (b) the reaction mass containing from about 50 to about 20,000 ppm unreacted bromine and less than 20 wt % HBr; and (c) the reaction mass having precipitated therefrom tetrabromobisphenol-A, all of (a)(ii), (b) and (c) occurring during the bisphenol-A feed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of tetrabromobisphenol-A by the bromination of bisphenol-A, which process features the addition of bisphenol-A to a reaction mass containing unreacted Br.sub.2 and 30 to 85 wt. % water and an alcohol solvent, the reaction mass being at a relatively high temperature.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of tetrabromobisphenol-A, which process features: a water and water miscible solvent reaction medium; a relatively high reaction temperature; and the presence, in the reaction medium, of unreacted Br.sub.2 during the feed of bisphenol-A to the reactor.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of tetrabromobisphenol-A, which process features: a water and water miscible solvent reaction medium; a relatively high reaction temperature; and the presence, in the reaction medium, of unreacted Br.sub.2 during the feed of bisphenol-A to the reactor.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of tetrabromobisphenol-A by the bromination of bisphenol-A, which process features: a water and water miscible solvent reaction medium; a relatively high reaction temperature; the presence, in the reaction medium, of unreacted Br.sub.2 during the feed of bisphenol-A to the reactor; and the oxidation of co-produced HBr to yield Br.sub.2.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of tetrabromobisphenol-A by the bromination of bisphenol-A, which process features: a water and water miscible solvent reaction medium; a relatively high reaction temperature; the presence, in the reaction medium, of unreacted Br.sub.2 during the feed of bisphenol-A to the reactor; and the oxidation of co-produced HBr to yield Br.sub.2.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement in a process for producing an alkylamine from olefin and amine by hydrohalogenating the olefin to form haloalkane then reacting the haloalkane with amine to form an alkylamine. The improvement comprises heat-treating the alkylamine thus formed with an aqueous alkaline or alkaline earth metal hydroxide at a temperature and for a period of time sufficient to minimize the formation of flocculent precipitate during the formation and/or storage of the alkylamine.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement in a process for preparing tetrabromophthalic anhydride whereby there is a substantial recovery of reactants such as halogen and SO.sub.3 from a vent stream exiting the reaction vessel. The improvement comprises contacting the vent stream with a fluid having a first oleum concentration and recovering a halogen stream and a second stream, having a second oleum concentration wherein the second oleum concentration is greater than the first oleum concentration.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing a flame retardant product predominant in tetrabromobisphenol-A. The process comprises: (a) dissolving bisphenol-A in a methanol solvent containing up to about 5 weight percent water, wherein the ratio of methanol to bisphenol-A ranges from about 25 to about 43 moles of methanol per mole of bisphenol-A based on the total amount of methanol used and the total amount of bisphenol-A to be brominated; (b) adding to the solution in (a) from about 3.9 to about 4.2 moles of bromine per mole of bisphenol-A to be brominated while maintaining a reaction temperature in the range of from about 0.degree. to about 40.degree. C.; (c) after the bromination is substantially complete, adding water to precipitate the tetrabromobisphenol-A thus formed; and (d) purifying the precipitated tetrabromobisphenol-A so as to obtain a product predominant in tetrabromobisphenol-A containing less than about 20 ppm total ionic impurity.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for reducing the formation of carbonyl halide in bromine chloride and to an improved process for the bromination of compounds with BrCl in the presence of a carbonyl halide poisonable catalyst.