Abstract: A system and device (110) for determining bone laxity. For example, the system includes a tracked probe (300) comprising at least one probe marker (310) and a computer assisted surgical (CAS) system (100). The CAS system includes a navigation system (130) and a processing device (110) operably connected to the navigation system and a computer readable medium configured to store one or more instructions that, when executed, cause the processing device to receive location information from the navigation system, generate (820) a surgical plan comprising a post-operative laxity assumption (720), collect (850) first motion information related to movement of the joint through a first range of motion, collect (860) second motion information related to movement of the joint through a second range of motion, determine (870) a post-operative laxity (710), and compare the post-operative laxity and the post-operative laxity assumption to determine laxity results.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating a surgical plan for altering an abnormal bone using a generic normal bone model are discussed. For example, a system for planning a surgery on an abnormal bone can include a model receiver module configured to receive a generic normal bone model. The generic normal bone model, such as a parametric model derived from statistical shape data, can include a data set representing a normal bone having an anatomical origin comparable to the abnormal bone. An input interface can be configured to receive an abnormal bone representation including a data set representing the abnormal bone. A surgical planning module can include a registration module configured to register the generic normal bone model to the abnormal bone representation by creating a registered generic model. A surgical plan formation module can be configured to identify one or more abnormal regions of the abnormal bone using the registered generic model.

Abstract: Methods, non-transitory computer readable media, and ultrasound imaging apparatuses and systems that facilitate improved ultrasound imaging that emphasizes structures of interest are disclosed. With this technology, position data for a transducer assembly is continuously obtained along with ultrasound scan data captured via the transducer assembly. Image processing techniques are applied to ultrasound images generated from the ultrasound scan data to identify structure(s) of interest included therein and highlight the identified structures on a composite representation generated from the ultrasound images. The intensity of portions of the resulting composite representation is then adjusted to reflect the time in which the associated ultrasound scan data was captured. The composite representation is then output to an augmented reality headset or superimposed over an image of the patient to facilitate improved visibility and relation of the structures of interest.

Abstract: Described herein are robotic arm assemblies that are configured to assist in making planar cuts in an orthopedic surgical procedure. The robotic arm assemblies have less than three motorized joints, but possess the functionality of conventional robotic arm assemblies that have greater numbers of motorized joints. The robotic arm assemblies further include one to four non-motorized joints. The non-motorized joints can include braking or locking mechanisms that are configured to selectively slow or lock the movement of the joints and the associated arm sections of the robotic arm assembly.

Abstract: A system, method, and device for drilling holes (420, 422) in a target bone (414) are described. For example, the system includes a cutting tool (330), a navigation system (310) configured to track a position of the cutting tool, and a computer-assisted surgical (CAS) system (340) operably connected to the cutting tool and the navigation system. The CAS system can be configured to determine an implant component (100) to be implanted on the target bone (414), determine a cutting block position for preparing the target bone to receive the implant component, determine a plurality of pin locations (420, 422) for securing the cutting block (416) based upon the determined cutting block position, and selectively provide instructions to the cutting tool to cut a hole when the cutting tool is in a position adjacent to at least one of the determined plurality of pin locations.

Abstract: Examples of an orthopedic surgical device for use in operating on a target bone and methods for operating a system for use in orthopedic surgery on a bone are generally described herein. An orthopedic surgical device can include an primary positioning block, and a secondary positioning component removably coupled to the primary positioning block. The secondary positioning component can be configured to: engage a prepared engagement feature machined into the target bone, and guide the primary positioning block to a predetermined position on a target bone. The orthopedic surgical device can include a first cutting block configured to: removably couple to the primary positioning block, and guide a cutting tool to cut the target bone.

Abstract: Examples of an orthopedic surgical device for use in operating on a target bone and methods for operating a system for use in orthopedic surgery on a bone are generally described herein. An orthopedic surgical device can include an primary positioning block, and a secondary positioning component removably coupled to the primary positioning block. The secondary positioning component can be configured to: engage a prepared engagement feature machined into the target bone, and guide the primary positioning block to a predetermined position on a target bone. The orthopedic surgical device can include a first cutting block configured to: removably couple to the primary positioning block, and guide a cutting tool to cut the target bone.

Abstract: A system and device (110) for determining bone laxity. For example, the system includes a tracked probe (300) comprising at least one probe marker (310) and a computer assisted surgical (CAS) system (100). The CAS system includes a navigation system (130) and a processing device (110) operably connected to the navigation system and a computer readable medium configured to store one or more instructions that, when executed, cause the processing device to receive location information from the navigation system, generate (820) a surgical plan comprising a post-operative laxity assumption (720), collect (850) first motion information related to movement of the joint through a first range of motion, collect (860) second motion information related to movement of the joint through a second range of motion, determine (870) a post-operative laxity (710), and compare the post-operative laxity and the post-operative laxity assumption to determine laxity results.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a machine learning model to model a normal version of a bone from an abnormal version of the bone. The machine learning model can be trained with a training set including abnormal bone images and corresponding normalized, or post-operative, bone images. The abnormal bone image and the inferred normal bone image can be used to plan a surgery to correct the abnormal bone with a surgical navigation system.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating a surgical plan for altering an abnormal bone using a generic normal bone model are discussed. For example, a system for planning a surgery on an abnormal bone can include a model receiver module configured to receive a generic normal bone model. The generic normal bone model, such as a parametric model derived from statistical shape data, can include a data set representing a normal bone having an anatomical origin comparable to the abnormal bone. An input interface can be configured to receive an abnormal bone representation including a data set representing the abnormal bone. A surgical planning module can include a registration module configured to register the generic normal bone model to the abnormal bone representation by creating a registered generic model. A surgical plan formation module can be configured to identify one or more abnormal regions of the abnormal bone using the registered generic model.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a surgical navigation system that utilizes multimodal tracking along with low profile/small diameter bone pins to fix FBG sensors to a patient. With some embodiments, a multi-core fiber optic cable having both an infrared (IR) tracking sensor disposed at a known location in the multi-core fiber optic cable and FBGs. The FBGs can be used to locate the tip of the cable relative to the IR marker, where the tip of the cable is embedded in a bone, the location of the done can be determined.

Abstract: A system for performing a surgical procedure on a bone of a patient is disclosed. The system comprises a robotic arm including a proximal mounting portion, a distal tool interface for securing a surgical tool, and a plurality of joints between the proximal mounting portion and the distal tool interface for moving the distal tool interface in six degrees of freedom with respect to the proximal mounting portion. The system further comprises a joystick configured to receive movement instructions for moving the distal tool interface in the six degrees of freedom and a processor configured to receive the movement instructions from the joystick; adjust the movement instructions based on one or more of a surgical plan and user input to generate adjusted movement instructions; and cause one or more of the plurality of joints to move the distal tool interface based on the adjusted movement instructions.

Abstract: Surgical punch tools and methods of using the same are disclosed herein. A surgical punch tool may include a stationary base component having a planar bottom side. The planar bottom side may include one or more posts extending therefrom. Each post may include an associated sharp pin. A movable actuation portion may be configured to move each sharp pin from a non-actuated position within the corresponding post to an actuated position extending through the base component and from the corresponding post.

Abstract: A surgical system and method for markerless intraoperative navigation is provided. The system can includes a structured light system that can be utilized to intraoperatively sense three-dimensional surface geometry. The computer system is configured to segment a depth image to obtain surface geometry data of an anatomical structure embodied within the depth image, register the surface geometry data of the anatomical structure to a model, and update the surgical plan according to the registered surface geometry data. The surgical system is an endoscopic surgical system.

Abstract: Methods, non-transitory computer readable media, and surgical computing devices that more effectively protect anatomical structures from resection during surgical procedures are disclosed. With this technology, a virtual protection area is defined in a reference frame by extending a line defined by an obtained set of coordinates in the reference frame in at least one direction. The reference frame is of a bone to be resected during a surgical procedure. Resection equipment is tracked during the surgical procedure to obtain a location of the resection equipment in the reference frame. A determination is made when the obtained location of the resection equipment is within the defined virtual protection area. The resection equipment is disabled when the determination indicates the obtained location is within the defined virtual protection area.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling the placement and movement of a robotic arm of a robotic surgical system are provided. A surgical computer system can be configured to determine a recommended position for the robotic arm based on the calculated workspace volume for the robotic arm and the location of the surgical site. A surgical computer system can also be configured to control the robotic arm according to whether it is located within a surgical workspace defined by the surgeon or with respect to the surgical site.

Abstract: A method for optimizing a knee arthroplasty surgical procedure includes receiving pre-operative data comprising (i) anatomical measurements of the patient, (ii) soft tissue measurements of the patient's anatomy, and (iii) implant parameters identifying an implant to be used in the knee arthroplasty surgical procedure. An equation set is selected from a plurality of pre-generated equation sets based on the pre-operative data. During the knee arthroplasty surgical procedure, patient-specific kinetic and kinematic response values are generated and displayed using an optimization process. The optimization process includes collecting intraoperative data from one or more surgical tools of a computer-assisted surgical system, and using the intraoperative data and the pre-operative data to solve the equation set, thereby yielding the patient-specific kinetic and kinematic response values. A visualization is then provided of the patient-specific kinetic and kinematic response values on the displays.

Abstract: Systems and methods for virtual implant placement to implement joint gap planning are discussed. For example, a method can include operations for receiving a first implant parameter set based on a surgical plan that was generated while moving the joint through a range of motion. The method can include generating a first set of candidate implant parameter sets that are the result of an incremental change, relative to the first implant parameter set, to at least one parameter of the first parameter set. The method can include calculating a result for at least one candidate implant parameter set and providing a graphical representation of the result according to at least one candidate implant parameter set. The result can be color-coded to correlate to a candidate implant parameter set. The display can include color-coded user interface controls to allow a user to execute incremental changes corresponding to candidate implant parameter sets.

Abstract: Methods and systems of augmenting an implant intraoperatively and preparing a cone for revision surgical procedure are disclosed. A system includes a cutting device, a tracking and navigation system and a cutting system in operable communication with the cutting device and the tracking and navigation system. The cutting device includes a communication system, a cutting element, and a plurality of optical trackers. The tracking and navigation system is configured to detect a location of optical trackers. The control system is configured to cause the tracking and navigation system to detect the location of the cutting device, determine a revised shape for an implant cavity, cause the cutting device to cut the implant cavity to the revised shape, select a shape for a cone to be placed in the revised implant cavity, and machine the cone to the selected shape.

Abstract: A method for optimizing a knee arthroplasty surgical procedure includes receiving pre-operative data comprising (i) anatomical measurements of the patient, (ii) soft tissue measurements of the patient's anatomy, and (iii) implant parameters identifying an implant to be used in the knee arthroplasty surgical procedure. An equation set is selected from a plurality of pre-generated equation sets based on the pre-operative data. During the knee arthroplasty surgical procedure, patient-specific kinetic and kinematic response values are generated and displayed using an optimization process. The optimization process includes collecting intraoperative data from one or more surgical tools of a computer-assisted surgical system, and using the intraoperative data and the pre-operative data to solve the equation set, thereby yielding the patient-specific kinetic and kinematic response values. A visualization is then provided of the patient-specific kinetic and kinematic response values on the displays.