Abstract: A method for producing a fuel includes transporting one or more pressure vessels containing pressurized biogas from a first location to a second location, and removing biogas from the one or more pressure vessels at the second location. The fuel production process is improved by controlling the decanting flow rate to provide a total decant time greater than 30-40 minutes, by actively heating biogas contained within the one or more pressure vessels, or some combination thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for reducing the carbon intensity of hydrogen by replacing, at a hydrogen production facility, a fraction of a non-renewable gaseous feedstock with a biomethane feedstock, wherein the non-renewable gaseous feedstock replaced is (a) a feedstock fed to methane reforming and/or (b) a feedstock used to generate heat for the reforming in the hydrogen production, and wherein the fraction of the non-renewable gaseous feedstock replaced by the biomethane feedstock is less than 50% and is at least r defined by Equation A herein. The disclosed process for reducing the carbon intensity of hydrogen is designed to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and mitigate climate change. The biomethane feedstock in some examples has a carbon intensity (CI) value within a range that is between 15 g CO2eq/MJ and ?500 g CO2eq/MJ.

Abstract: According to the present invention, organic material is converted to biogas through anaerobic digestion and the biogas is purified to yield a combustible fluid feedstock comprising methane. A fuel production facility utilizes or arranges to utilize combustible fluid feedstock to generate renewable hydrogen that is used to hydrogenate crude oil derived hydrocarbons in a process to make transportation or heating fuel. The renewable hydrogen is combined with crude oil derived hydrocarbons that have been desulfurized under conditions to hydrogenate the liquid hydrocarbon with the renewable hydrogen or alternatively, the renewable hydrogen can be added to a reactor operated so as to simultaneously desulfurize and hydrogenate the hydrocarbons. The present invention enables a party to receive a renewable fuel credit for the transportation or heating fuel.

Abstract: A process is provided for forming a fuel or a fuel intermediate from two fermentations that includes feeding an aqueous solution comprising a fermentation product from a first bioreactor to a second bioreactor and/or a stage upstream of the second bioreactor, which also produces the fermentation product. The aqueous solution may be added at any stage of the second fermentation and/or processing steps upstream from the second bioreactor that would otherwise require the addition of water. Accordingly, the product yield is increased while fresh/treated water usage is decreased.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for reducing the carbon intensity of hydrogen by replacing, at a hydrogen production facility, a fraction of a non-renewable gaseous feedstock with a biomethane feedstock, wherein the non-renewable gaseous feedstock replaced is (a) a feedstock fed to methane reforming and/or (b) a feedstock used to generate heat for the reforming in the hydrogen production, and wherein the fraction of the non-renewable gaseous feedstock replaced by the biomethane feedstock is less than 50% and is at least r defined by Equation A herein. The disclosed process for reducing the carbon intensity of hydrogen is designed to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and mitigate climate change. The biomethane feedstock in some examples has a carbon intensity (CI) value within a range that is between 15 g CO2-eq/MJ and ?500 g CO2 eq/MJ.

Abstract: A process for converting lignocellulosic biomass to fuel, wherein lignocellulosic feedstock is soaked in a sulfuric acid solution to demineralize the feedstock, the demineralized feedstock is pretreated at a temperature between 150° C. and 230° C. and a pH between 1 and 2.5, at least part of the pretreated material is converted to a fermentation production such as ethanol, and at least a portion of a secondary stream, such as still bottoms from the distillation of ethanol, is converted to biogas by anaerobic digestion. Soaking the lignocellulosic feedstock in sulfuric acid solution reduces the amount of sulfuric acid required for the pretreatment, and thus the amount of sulfate carried downstream to the anaerobic digestion. This increases the biogas yield and/or xylose yield. A recycling process, wherein mineralized soaking liquid produced in the soaking process is fed to cation exchange to remove minerals, reduces excess waste of the sulfuric acid and water usage.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for reducing the carbon intensity of hydrogen by replacing, at a hydrogen production facility, a fraction of a non-renewable gaseous feedstock with a biomethane feedstock, wherein the non-renewable gaseous feedstock replaced is (a) a feedstock fed to methane reforming and/or (b) a feedstock used to generate heat for the reforming in the hydrogen production, and wherein the fraction of the non-renewable gaseous feedstock replaced by the biomethane feedstock is less than 50% and is at least r defined by Equation A herein. The disclosed process for reducing the carbon intensity of hydrogen is designed to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and mitigate climate change. The biomethane feedstock in some examples has a carbon intensity (CI) value within a range that is between 15 g CO2 eq/MJ and ?500 g CO2 eq/MJ.

Abstract: According to the present invention, organic material is converted to biogas through anaerobic digestion and the biogas is purified to yield a combustible fluid feedstock comprising methane. A fuel production facility utilizes or arranges to utilize combustible fluid feedstock to generate renewable hydrogen that is used to hydrogenate crude oil derived hydrocarbons in a process to make transportation or heating fuel. The renewable hydrogen is combined with crude oil derived hydrocarbons that have been desulfurized under conditions to hydrogenate the liquid hydrocarbon with the renewable hydrogen or alternatively, the renewable hydrogen can be added to a reactor operated so as to simultaneously desulfurize and hydrogenate the hydrocarbons. The present invention enables a party to receive a renewable fuel credit for the transportation or heating fuel.

Abstract: A method of providing a fuel includes providing renewable hydrogen, selectively directing at least a portion of the renewable hydrogen to one or more hydroprocessing units in a fuel production facility, and hydrogenating crude oil derived liquid hydrocarbon in the one or more hydroprocessing units using the renewable hydrogen. The renewable content of a product produced by the one or more hydroprocessing units can be determined by measuring a flow of the hydrogen feedstock, a flow of the crude oil derived liquid hydrocarbon feedstock, a relative amount of hydrogen and carbon in the crude oil derived liquid hydrocarbon feedstock, and/or a relative amount of hydrogen and carbon in the product. The selective direction of the renewable hydrogen can increase the volume of renewable content in liquid transportation fuels.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a process for forming a biogenic carbon-based fuel or a fuel intermediate from biogenic carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The hydrogen is sourced from a process that produces hydrogen and fossil carbon dioxide from a fossil-fuel hydrocarbon and separates the fossil carbon dioxide from the hydrogen. The process may further comprise carrying out or arranging for one or more parties to carry out at least one step that contributes to a reduction in the GHG emissions of the biogenic carbon-based fuel, or a fuel made from the fuel intermediate, of at least 20% relative to a gasoline baseline. In various embodiments this includes (a) introducing the fossil carbon dioxide underground, and/or (b) using a biogenic carbon-based product selected from a chemical and energy product produced from the non-fossil organic material to displace the use or production of a corresponding fossil-based product.

Abstract: A method for producing a fuel includes transporting one or more pressure vessels containing pressurized biogas from a first location to a second location, and removing biogas from the one or more pressure vessels at the second location. The fuel production process is improved by controlling the decanting flow rate to provide a total decant time greater than 30-40 minutes, by actively heating biogas contained within the one or more pressure vessels, or some combination thereof.

Abstract: A process for producing a fuel from lignocellulosic biomass is disclosed. The process includes obtaining a feedstock comprising lignocellulosic biomass, feeding the feedstock and sulfur dioxide into a pretreatment reactor, wherein a total amount of sulfur dioxide in the pretreatment reactor is greater than 70 wt % based on dry weight lignocellulosic biomass, and heating the feedstock and sulfur dioxide in the pretreatment reactor at one or more temperatures between 110° C. and 150° C. for more than 60 minutes.

Abstract: A process for converting lignocellulosic biomass to glucose or ethanol includes subjecting the lignocellulosic biomass to a lignosulfonic acid pretreatment, wherein the lignosulfonic acid has a concentration of sulfonate groups in acid form that is greater than 0.02 mol/L and a total amount of sulfur dioxide is greater than 15 wt % based on dry weight of lignocellulosic biomass.

Abstract: A process for converting lignocellulosic biomass to glucose or ethanol includes subjecting the lignocellulosic biomass to a SO2 pretreatment within the temperature range 110° C.-150° C. Good glucose yields have been achieved when the SO2 pretreatment is conducted for more than 90 minutes and when the total amount of SO2 available is greater than 20 wt % based on dry weight of lignocellulosic biomass.

Abstract: A process for producing a fuel from a softwood. A feedstock containing softwood is pretreated, where the pretreating includes heating the feedstock in a pretreatment liquor containing sulfur dioxide and bisulfite salt. The heating is conducted between 110° C. and 160° C. The pretreatment liquor has a sulfur dioxide concentration that is greater than 6.5 wt % on liquor and a pH at 25° C. that is less than 1.3. The cellulose in the pretreated material is hydrolysed to glucose. The glucose may be fermented to a fermentation product such as ethanol.

Abstract: A process for processing lignocellulosic biomass that includes pretreating lignocellulosic biomass, wherein the lignocellulosic biomass is heated in a pretreatment liquor containing sulfur dioxide and bisulfite salt, at a temperature between 120° C. and 150° C., for at least 30 minutes. The pH of the pretreatment liquor at 25° C. is less than 1.3, the concentration of sulfur dioxide is greater than 9.4 wt % (on liquor), and the concentration of alkali is between 0 wt % and 0.42 wt % (expressed as hydroxide, on liquor).

Abstract: A method of processing biogas that includes obtaining a mobile tank containing biogas at a pressure greater than 1000 psig, connecting the mobile tank to a pressure let down system, and depressurizing the mobile tank to remove biogas therein. The depressurization includes removing gas from the mobile tank using the pressure let down system, and introducing a warming gas into the mobile tank.

Abstract: A method for providing a fuel includes removing hydrogen sulfide and/or carbon dioxide from biogas to provide partially purified biogas, which is filled in a mobile storage system. The partially purified biogas is transported to a centralized processing facility, in the mobile storage system, by truck, rail, or ship. At the centralized processing the partially purified biogas is further processed, either to produce a fuel that is renewable or has renewable content, or to produce renewable natural gas, which is used to produce the fuel that is renewable or has renewable content.

Abstract: According to the present invention, organic material is converted to biogas through anaerobic digestion and the biogas is purified to yield a combustible fluid feedstock comprising methane. A fuel production facility utilizes or arranges to utilize combustible fluid feedstock to generate renewable hydrogen that is used to hydrogenate crude oil derived hydrocarbons in a process to make transportation or heating fuel. The renewable hydrogen is combined with crude oil derived hydrocarbons that have been desulfurized under conditions to hydrogenate the liquid hydrocarbon with the renewable hydrogen or alternatively, the renewable hydrogen can be added to a reactor operated so as to simultaneously desulfurize and hydrogenate the hydrocarbons. The present invention enables a party to receive a renewable fuel credit for the transportation or heating fuel.

Abstract: A process is provided for forming a fuel or a fuel intermediate from two fermentations that includes feeding an aqueous solution comprising a fermentation product from a first bioreactor to a second bioreactor and/or a stage upstream of the second bioreactor, which also produces the fermentation product. The aqueous solution may be added at any stage of the second fermentation and/or processing steps upstream from the second bioreactor that would otherwise require the addition of water. Accordingly, the product yield is increased while fresh/treated water usage is decreased.