Abstract: An extra-cardiovascular implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) having a high voltage therapy module is configured to control a high voltage charging circuit to charge a capacitor to a pacing voltage amplitude to deliver charge balanced pacing pulses. The capacitor is chargeable to a shock voltage amplitude that is greater than the pacing voltage amplitude. The ICD is configured to enable switching circuitry of the high voltage therapy module to discharge the capacitor to deliver a first pulse having a first polarity and a leading voltage amplitude corresponding to the pacing voltage amplitude for pacing the patient's heart via a pacing electrode vector selected from extra-cardiovascular electrodes. The high voltage therapy module delivers a second pulse after the first pulse. The second pulse has a second polarity opposite the first polarity and balances the electrical charge delivered during the first pulse.

Abstract: A high contrast instrument, such as a radiopaque portion, can be captured and/or viewed in an image that is acquired with an imaging system, such as with a fluoroscopic imaging system. A statistical model can be used to assist in identifying a possible or probable location of a target. A user may move the instrument coil to the statistically probable location of the target to, for example, perform a procedure or carry out a task.

Abstract: An extra-cardiovascular implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) having a high voltage therapy module is configured to control a high voltage charging circuit to charge a capacitor to a pacing voltage amplitude to deliver charge balanced pacing pulses. The capacitor is chargeable to a shock voltage amplitude that is greater than the pacing voltage amplitude. The ICD is configured to enable switching circuitry of the high voltage therapy module to discharge the capacitor to deliver a first pulse having a first polarity and a leading voltage amplitude corresponding to the pacing voltage amplitude for pacing the patient's heart via a pacing electrode vector selected from extra-cardiovascular electrodes. The high voltage therapy module delivers a second pulse after the first pulse. The second pulse has a second polarity opposite the first polarity and balances the electrical charge delivered during the first pulse.

Abstract: A high contrast instrument, such as a radiopaque portion, can be captured and/or viewed in an image that is acquired with an imaging system, such as with a fluoroscopic imaging system. A statistical model can be used to assist in identifying a possible or probable location of a target. A user may move the instrument coil to the statistically probable location of the target to, for example, perform a procedure or carry out a task.

Abstract: An extra-cardiovascular implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) having a high voltage therapy module is configured to control a high voltage charging circuit to charge a capacitor to a pacing voltage amplitude to deliver charge balanced pacing pulses. The capacitor is chargeable to a shock voltage amplitude that is greater than the pacing voltage amplitude. The ICD is configured to enable switching circuitry of the high voltage therapy module to discharge the capacitor to deliver a first pulse having a first polarity and a leading voltage amplitude corresponding to the pacing voltage amplitude for pacing the patient's heart via a pacing electrode vector selected from extra-cardiovascular electrodes. The high voltage therapy module delivers a second pulse after the first pulse. The second pulse has a second polarity opposite the first polarity and balances the electrical charge delivered during the first pulse.

Abstract: A high contrast instrument, such as a radiopaque portion, can be captured and/or viewed in an image that is acquired with an imaging system, such as with a fluoroscopic imaging system. A statistical model can be used to assist in identifying a possible or probable location of a target. A user may move the instrument coil to the statistically probable location of the target to, for example, perform a procedure or carry out a task.

Abstract: A high contrast instrument, such as a radiopaque portion, can be captured and/or viewed in an image that is acquired with an imaging system, such as with a fluoroscopic imaging system. A statistical model can be used to assist in identifying a possible or probable location of a target. A user may move the instrument coil to the statistically probable location of the target to, for example, perform a procedure or carry out a task.

Abstract: Stable current control to an inductive load uses a digital driver having registers loaded with load control parameters from a microprocessor. The parameters, along with a counter responsive to clock pulses, control a pulse period and a pulse width which are used to operate an FET in series with the load to control load current. Current mode control develops a decreasing current limit voltage in each pulse period by decrementing a down counter at a rate and from an initial value commanded by the microprocessor, and converting the value to an analog current limit signal. The signal is compared to a load current feedback signal and the pulse width is truncated if the load current reaches the current limit signal.

Abstract: A system for anti-lock brake and traction control has a control circuit comprising a microprocessor on a silicon die. Inputs from several variable reluctance wheel speed sensors are multiplexed to a single channel on the same die for signal processing including diagnostics, A/D conversion, square wave generation for each sensor by a state machine, end wheel speed determination from the square waves. The state machine algorithm tracks signal peaks and valleys and uses a dual hysteresis method of generating output transitions to capture all cycles of a signal having single cycle anomalies while rejecting noise. A single rear wheel sensor having twice the frequency of front wheel sensors for equal wheel speeds is processed twice as often as each front sensor. The diagnostics include detecting sensor and harness short and open circuits by comparison of signals to programmable thresholds and fault timing and latching by gauging open and short signals against programmable time limits.

Abstract: A system for anti-lock brake and traction control has a control circuit comprising a microprocessor on a silicon die. Inputs from several variable reluctance wheel speed sensors are multiplexed to a single channel on the same die for signal processing including diagnostics, A/D conversion, square wave generation for each sensor by a state machine, and wheel speed determination from the square waves. The state machine algorithm tracks signal peaks and valleys and uses a dual hysteresis method of generating output transitions to capture all cycles of a signal having single cycle anomalies while rejecting noise. A single rear wheel sensor having twice the frequency of front wheel sensors for equal wheel speeds is processed twice as often as each front sensor. The diagnostics include detecting sensor and harness short and open circuits by comparison of signals to programmable thresholds and fault timing and latching by gauging open and short signals against programmable time limits.

Abstract: Faulty operation of a two-lead wheel speed sensor in a vehicle control system is detected and distinguished from transients by measuring a common mode voltage of the sensor and applying such voltage to a window comparator. Analog-to-digital conversion circuitry for capturing wheel speed signals is disabled so long as the measured voltage falls outside the comparator window. When the measured voltage is outside the comparator window for at least a given time limit, an open circuit fault condition is indicated. Additionally, the sensor lead voltages are compared to threshold voltages; when both voltages exceed the thresholds for at least a given time limit, a short circuit fault condition is indicated. The windows, thresholds and time limits are programmable by the vehicle control system computer.