Abstract: Passive Ethernet by-pass switches, methods of using the same, and systems including the passive Ethernet by-pass switches include a first connection configured to be coupled to a first Ethernet port, a second connection configured to be coupled to a second Ethernet port, and switching circuitry including at least one internal switch operable to allow network communication between the first connection, the second connection, and at least one Ethernet controller, the at least one internal switch including a depletion mode transistor operable to bridge the first connection to the second connection to establish communication between the first connection and the second connection.

Abstract: A boost-converter with low losses having a series connection of an energy storing main inductor and a main diode connected between a first input terminal for a first voltage and a first output terminal for a second, higher dc-voltage. The centre point between the components connected in series is, via a controllable switching element, connected to a common second input and output terminal. A control circuit for the switching element is provided to monitor the voltage of the first output terminal of the converter and to control the on and off operation of the switching element.