Abstract: A disclosed circuit board includes an insulating core layer that has a first surface and a second surface opposing each other, an insulating auxiliary member of which at least a part is disposed in the insulating core layer and which has a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) different from that of the insulating core layer, a first substrate portion that includes a first insulating layer which is disposed on the first surface, and a first circuit wiring which is embedded in the first insulating layer, and a second substrate portion that includes a second insulating layer which is disposed on the second surface, and a second circuit wiring which is embedded in the second insulating layer.

Abstract: A heat pump system for a vehicle is configured by including a valve, a first cooling apparatus, a second cooling apparatus, and a flow control line, to be configured for adjusting a temperature of a battery module by use of a single chiller where a refrigerant and a coolant are heat-exchanged, selectively recollecting waste heat of the electrical component and the battery module and using the same for heating of the vehicle interior, and forming a plurality of coolant flowing lines by a single valve according to selected mode of the vehicle.

Abstract: An embodiment heat pump system of a vehicle includes a valve controlling a flow of a coolant, a first line having ends connected to the valve, a radiator and an electrical component on the first line, a second line having ends connected to the valve, a battery module on the second line, a first connection line including a first end connected to the valve, a chiller on the first connection line, a second connection line including ends connected to the second and first connection lines, and a third connection line including a first end connected to a second end of the first connection line and a second end connected to the first line between the radiator and the electrical component, wherein the valve operates such that the first, second, or first connection line is connected to another line or to itself depending on the selected mode.