Abstract: The present invention is directed to ambient temperature molten salts as non-aqueous electrolytes. The molten salts comprise a cation of a guanidine moiety and an anion. The guanidine cation is asymmetrically halogenated, which means that in the general formula: C(NR2)3+, one or two, but not all three, of the N atoms are bonded to R radicals that are the same for each thusly substituted N atom and the third N atom is bonded to hydrogen or two of the same R radicals, and if R radicals, they are different than the R radicals bonded to the first and second N atoms. The R radicals bonded to any one N atom is an alkyl group of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Either both of the hydrogen atoms or at least one of the hydrogen atoms on each of the R radicals bonded to one or two, but not three, of the N atoms are substituted with the same halogen selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an ambient temperature molten salt as non-aqueous electrolyte. The molten salt comprises a cation of a guanidine moiety and an anion. The cation is selected from alkyl groups, alicyclic groups, or aromatic groups attached asymmetrically to guanidine. An exemplary salt is tetramethylguanidinimum bis-trifluoromethanesulfonyl imide, which is liquid at ambient temperature and only slightly soluble in water. The salt is prepared by bringing together two aqueous salt solutions, one containing tetramethylguanidine hydrochloride, and the other containing lithium bis-trifluoromethanesulfonyl imide. The electrolyte is useful with electrochemical devices such as primary and secondary electrochemical cells and capacitors, such as of the electrolytic and electrolytic/electrochemical hybrid types.

Abstract: An inorganic electrolyte rechargeable electrical storage cell is shown which makes use of non-metallic electrodes in combination with an inorganic electrolyte that includes sulfur dioxide. The electrolyte can be for example a lithium and/or a calcium tetrachloroaluminate salt in sulfur dioxide. The anode of the cell is made of a carbon for example a graphite while the cathode is produced from a carbon having a relatively much higher surface area.

Abstract: An electrolyte salt is shown herein for use in lithium/thionyl chloride primary cells that is provided to minimize the start-up delay otherwise encountered after too long a storage period or storage at too high a temperature. The salt is a reaction product produced by refluxing lithium triflate with either aluminum chloride or lithium tetrachloraluminate or a mixture of thereof dissolved in thionyl chloride.

Abstract: Method for making electrolytes for Li/metal tetrachoroaluminate.nSO.sub.2 /carbon rechargeable cells containing calcium or sodium tetrachloroaluminate, by treating the metal tetrachloroaluminate salt mixture with sulfuryl chloride to purify it of hydrolysis products, removing the sulfuryl chloride, and dissolving the mixture in sulfur dioxide.

Abstract: The lithium/carbon/SO.sub.2 energy cell is disclosed wherein the electrolyte includes lithium tetrachloroaluminate. In order to increase the electrical capacity of the cell, the concentration of lithium tetrachloroaluminate in the electrolyte is increased to calcium tetrachloroaluminate and added to the solution to aid the mass transport as well as the lower freezing point of the electrolyte. In order to eliminate any corrosive effect of the calcium added to on the lithium anode, this disclosure provides a teaching of the use of an electrolyte solution and is essentially free of any moist content.

Abstract: A lithium electrochemical power source is shown, adapted for use as a primary and/or secondary cell, wherein a non-aqueous electrolyte is used, the solvent being a C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 aliphatic acid chloride and the solute being a lithium aluminum halide with an additive selected from the group consisting of bromine and iodine.

Abstract: This invention pertains to separators for electrochemical cells. These separators are best suited for electrochemical cells which contain reactive metals such as lithium and strong oxidants. It has been discovered that a certain class of partially halogenated hydrocarbons will stand up to these materials without degrading.

Abstract: A novel inorganic non-aqueous electrochemical cell having an alkali or alkaline earth metal anode, an inorganic electrolyte comprised of an SO.sub.2 solvent with an alkali or alkaline earth metal halide salt of aluminum, tantalum niobium or antimony, dissolved in the SO.sub.2 and a cathode comprised of a carbonaceous material having an apparent bulk density in excess of 5 lb/ft.sup.3 (80 gm/l). Lower bulk density carbonaceous material may, however, be used in electrolytes having high salt concentrations. Ketjenblack EC (furnace black) carbonaceous material may be admixed with a solid cathode active material which is substantially insoluble in the SO.sub.2 electrolyte to provide a high primary cell capacity and an effectively rechargeable cell. There is no SO.sub.2 per se discharge in the cell.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrochemical cell having an alkali or alkaline earth metal anode, an inorganic electrolyte comprised of an electrolyte salt and sulfur dioxide and a cathode comprised of PbCl.sub.2.

Abstract: A non-aqeous electrochemical cell having an alkali or alkaline earth metal anode, an inorganic electrolyte comprised of an electrolyte salt and sulfur dioxide and a cathode comprised of FeBr.sub.3.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell having an oxidizable active anode material, a cathode current collector, and an electrolytic solution comprising a reducible liquid cathode material and an electrolyte solute dissolved therein. The cathode current collector includes a mixture of carbon and copper sulfide on a conductive substrate.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell having an oxidizable anode containing lithium and a cathode current collector. The cell includes an electrolytic solution in contact with the anode and the cathode current collector. The solution includes a solvent which is also a reducible liquid cathode material, specifically SOCl.sub.2, and an electrolyte solute consisting of the reaction products of a salt of an oxyacid, specifically Li.sub.2 SO.sub.3, constituting a Lewis base and a Lewis acid, specifically AlCl.sub.3, dissolved in the solvent.

Abstract: A chemical scrubber unit for containing and neutralizing toxic, corrosive thionyl chloride and sulfur dioxide acid fluids vented by a primary electrochemical cell. The scrubber unit includes an inlet tube coupled to the electrochemical cell by which thionyl chloride and sulfur dioxide vented by the cell is conveyed to an elongated, generally rectangular distribution trap disposed within a housing of the scrubber unit. The distribution trap contains sodium carbonate or sodium bi-carbonate for reacting chemically with and neutralizing thionyl chloride vented by the cell and received within the trap and is itself surrounded within the housing by soda lime for chemically reacting with and neutralizing both sulfur dioxide and thionyl chloride vented by the cell and received within the trap.

Abstract: An integrated electrode/insulator structure for use as part of an electrochemical system of an electrochemical cell. The electrode/insulator structure includes an electrode and an adherent porous layer of an electrically-nonconductive material deposited on the electrode and physically integrated with the electrode. The material of the adherent porous layer is selected so as to be chemically stable with the electrode and with any other components of the electrochemical system of the electrochemical cell in which the integrated electrode/insulator structure is to be used.

Abstract: Disclosed is a primary electrochemical cell which employs a lithium metal anode, a lead sulfate cathode, and an electrolyte solution comprising a lithium salt in an organic solvent. The cell has an operating voltage and energy density sufficiently close to conventional 1.5 V cells to permit their direct replacement.

Abstract: A high conductivity stable clovoborate electrolyte salt is used in alkali and alkaline earth metal non-aqueous secondary cells to prevent dendritic formation of the plated alkali or alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: A method, a cell, an electrolyte and an additive for the non-dendritic deposition of lithium is described.The additive which causes the non-dendritic deposition of lithium from non-aqueous electrolytes and particularly organic electrolytes is a metal, reducible by lithium and capable of forming lithium-rich metallics or alloys.

Abstract: A fuel cell is described comprising a halogen-fueled porous cathode, an active metal anode and an organic electrolyte having dissolved therein sulfur dioxide, to improve the solubility of the halogen fuel, to prevent passivation of the electrodes by the products of the reaction of the halogen with the active metal anode and to protect the active metal anode from reacting directly with the halogen dissolved in the electrolyte.

Abstract: The lithium/carbon/SO.sub.2 energy cell is disclosed wherein the electrolyte includes lithium tetrachloroaluminate. In order to increase the electrical capacity of the cell, the concentration of lithium tetrachloroaluminate in the electrolyte is increased .[.to.]. .Iadd.and .Iaddend.calcium tetrachloroaluminate .[.and.]. .Iadd.is .Iaddend.added to the solution to aid the mass transport as well as .[.the.]. .Iadd.to .Iaddend.lower .Iadd.the .Iaddend.freezing point of the electrolyte. In order to eliminate any corrosive effect of the calcium .[.added.]. .Iadd.additive .Iaddend.to on the lithium anode, this disclosure provides a teaching of the use of an electrolyte solution .[.and.]. .Iadd.that .Iaddend.is essentially free of any .[.moist.]. .Iadd.moisture .Iaddend.content.