Abstract: A method for removing oxygen from ammonia at low temperature is described. In one embodiment, oxygen contaminated ammonia is contacted with a getter material that includes iron and manganese that sorbs oxygen to yield ammonia that is substantially oxygen free. In one embodiment, the process of contacting ammonia with the getter material takes place at about 25° C. In another embodiment the weight ratio between iron and manganese is about 7:1. In another embodiment, the getter material is dispersed on an inert support of specific surface greater than 100 m2/g. In one embodiment, impure ammonia is contacted with getter material including iron and manganese that sorbs oxygen and with a drying agent that absorbs water to yield deoxygenated anhydrous ammonia. In yet another embodiment, an apparatus consisting of a gas inlet, gas purification chamber and gas outlet that deoxygenates ammonia when charged with getter material that includes iron and manganese is described.

Abstract: A method for removing oxygen from ammonia at low temperature is described. In one embodiment, oxygen contaminated ammonia is contacted with a getter material that includes iron and manganese that sorbs oxygen to yield ammonia that is substantially oxygen free. In one embodiment, the process of contacting ammonia with the getter material takes place at about 25° C. In another embodiment the weight ratio between iron and manganese is about 7:1. In another embodiment, the getter material is dispersed on an inert support of specific surface greater than 100 m2/g. In one embodiment, impure ammonia is contacted with getter material including iron and manganese that sorbs oxygen and with a drying agent that absorbs water to yield deoxygenated anhydrous ammonia. In yet another embodiment, an apparatus consisting of a gas inlet, gas purification chamber and gas outlet that deoxygenates ammonia when charged with getter material that includes iron and manganese is described.

Abstract: A method for removing oxygen from ammonia at low temperature is described. In one embodiment, oxygen contaminated ammonia is contacted with a getter material that includes iron and manganese that sorbs oxygen to yield ammonia that is substantially oxygen free. In one embodiment, the process of contacting ammonia with the getter material takes place at about 25° C. In another embodiment the weight ratio between iron and manganese is about 7:1. In another embodiment, the getter material is dispersed on an inert support of specific surface greater than 100 m2/g. In one embodiment, impure ammonia is contacted with getter material including iron and manganese that sorbs oxygen and with a drying agent that absorbs water to yield deoxygenated anhydrous ammonia. In yet another embodiment, an apparatus consisting of a gas inlet, gas purification chamber and gas outlet that deoxygenates ammonia when charged with getter material that includes iron and manganese is described.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and process for the removal of gaseous impurities from an impure gas stream of hydrogen contaminated with carbon monoxide, and with one or more additional impurities such as carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, water, methane. The impure gas stream is first contacted with elemental nickel in a first reaction zone under nickel-carbonyl forming conditions thereby converting substantially all the carbon monoxide to nickel carbonyl, thereby producing a partially purified gas stream. The partially purified gas stream is then contacted with Ti2Ni or certain manganese-containing alloys in a second reaction zone to produce a fully purified gas stream.

Abstract: A method for removing oxygen from ammonia at low temperature is described. In one embodiment, oxygen contaminated ammonia is contacted with a getter material that includes iron and manganese that sorbs oxygen to yield ammonia that is substantially oxygen free. In one embodiment, the process of contacting ammonia with the getter material takes place at about 25.degree. C. In another embodiment the weight ratio between iron and manganese is about 7:1. In another embodiment, the getter material is dispersed on an inert support of specific surface greater than 100 m.sup.2/ g. In one embodiment, impure ammonia is contacted with getter material including iron and manganese that sorbs oxygen and with a drying agent that absorbs water to yield deoxygenated anhydrous ammonia. In yet another embodiment, an apparatus consisting of a gas inlet, gas purification chamber and gas outlet that deoxygenates ammonia when charged with getter material that includes iron and manganese is described.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and process for the removal of gaseous impurities from an impure gas stream of hydrogen contaminated with carbon monoxide, and with one or more additional impurities such as carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, water, methane.The impure gas stream is first contacted with elemental nickel in a first reaction zone under nickel-carbonyl forming conditions thereby converting substantially all the carbon monoxide to nickel carbonyl, thereby producing a partially purified gas stream.The partially purified gas stream is then contacted with Ti.sub.2 Ni or certain manganese-containing alloys in a second reaction zone to produce a fully purified gas stream.

Abstract: An apparatus for accurately measuring the water content of a moist gas containing less than 50 parts per million (ppm) of water comprises an isothermal heat-sink (14), a radiator (20), a Peltier heater-cooler (24) thermally arranged between the isothermal heat-sink (14) and the radiator (20). The heater-cooler (24) is transferring heat from the isothermal heat-sink (14) to the radiator (20) and vice versa. A phosphoric acid moisture cell (32) is in thermal contact with the isothermal heat-sink (14). Upon passing the moist gas through the cell (32) the amount of moisture in the moist gas is measured as variation of electrical current throughout the cell.

Abstract: A calibrating apparatus for isothermally introducing, into a stream of dry gas, amounts of moisture lower than 1000 ppb, said apparatus comprising:A. a moist gas generating unit, comprising in its turn:i) a cylindrical shell;ii) a permeation module, inside said cylindrical shell, containing water and comprising a peripheral membrane;iii) a thermal conditioner, arranged too inside said cylindrical shell, upstream of said permeation module;B. an isothermal heat sink, thermally connected to the outside surface of said cylindrical shell, wherein said moist gas generating unit, under item A), is lodged in a recess of said heat sink;C) a heat radiator;D) a Peltier heater-cooler, thermally arranged between said isothermal heat sink (under item B) and said heat radiator (under item C).

Abstract: A gas purifier for impure gas having an end of life detector. The purifier has:A. a housing; andB. an impurity-sorbing material packed within the housing. The impurity-sorbing material has the property of reacting with impurities in the impure gas. This reacting causes expansion of the impurity-sorbing material; andC. an impure gas inlet; andD. a pure gas outlet; andE. a pressure responsive electrical switch within the housing. The position of the switch is responsive to expansion of the impurity-sorbing material; andF. An indicator outside the housing to indicate the position of the switch.

Abstract: A method, based on the measurement of electrical resistance, and an apparatus for performing the measurement, which indicates the moment in which a gas purifier is about to loose its purification efficiency. The gas purifier can therefore be substituted before the impurity levels in the purified gas output reach undesirably high values.

Abstract: A gas purifier for impure gas is provided with a sensor of the end of useful life. The purifier has a housing completely filled with a gas sorbing material. The gas sorbing material is capable of reacting with the impurities contained within the impure gas. This reaction results in an expansion of the gas sorbing material which thereby causes the housing to expand.The purifier also has an impure gas inlet and a purified gas outlet as well as a strain gauge carried by the housing and means for determining the strain on the strain gauge thus determining the end of useful life of the gas sorbing material.