Abstract: Provided is an operating method of a storage device. The method includes providing temperature information of each of a plurality of volatile memory devices in the storage device to a host device; and receiving a setting command related to a refresh operation of the plurality of volatile memory devices from the host device, wherein the plurality of volatile memory devices are classified into groups based on temperature information, and wherein the setting command indicates a number of rows of the plurality of volatile memory devices to be refreshed differently for each of the groups based on the temperature information.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a connector including a pair of terminals connected to a power source, a voltage sensor provided to detect a voltage between the pair of terminals, a communication device provided to perform communication with an external control device through a network, and a controller configured to determine whether the connector is separated from the power source based on a voltage variation between the pair of terminals, control the communication device to request the external control device to cut off power of the power source when the connector is separated from the power source, and control to perform self-discharge.

Abstract: A hidden lighting lamp uses a color conversion material and is applied to a vehicle. A color conversion member is spaced apart from a light source by a light source air gap (La) such that the color conversion member is integrally engaged with a lens for projecting light of the light source to the outside or such that the color conversion member is spaced apart from the lens by a lens air gap (Lb). Hidden lighting without deterioration of optical efficiency of LED light from the light source is thereby implemented. One or more of a black painting, a coating layer, an application layer, and a deposition layer are provided, thereby providing concealment of the lamp inner space of the lens, anti-peeling of a deposit, and diversity of fluorescent color.

Abstract: A multi-faceted reflective hidden lighting lamp applied to a vehicle may block a portion of external light and repeatedly reflect internal light in two or more steps with a reflective surface on one side surface of a light reflective portion having a triangular sawtooth shape formed on a lens in a direction facing a light source and a transmissive surface on the other side surface thereof in an internal space of the lamp, and form a reflective layer on the reflective surface in painting/deposition/plating processes, a laser perforation process, a masking process, and a film insert process to reduce a color conversion material for the same color conversion effect and increase the utilization of an overlap skin portion of the lens, increasing the light blocking ability for a region other than the region required by regulations in addition to increasing the transmissive/light-receiving ability for the region required by regulations.

Abstract: A multi-faceted reflective hidden lighting lamp applied to a vehicle may block a portion of external light and repeatedly reflect internal light in two or more steps with a reflective surface on one side surface of a light reflective portion having a triangular sawtooth shape formed on a lens in a direction facing a light source and a transmissive surface on the other side surface thereof in an internal space of the lamp, and form a reflective layer on the reflective surface in painting/deposition/plating processes, a laser perforation process, a masking process, and a film insert process to reduce a color conversion material for the same color conversion effect and increase the utilization of an overlap skin portion of the lens, increasing the light blocking ability for a region other than the region required by regulations in addition to increasing the transmissive/light-receiving ability for the region required by regulations.

Abstract: A hidden lighting lamp uses a color conversion material and is applied to a vehicle. A color conversion member is spaced apart from a light source by a light source air gap (La) such that the color conversion member is integrally engaged with a lens for projecting light of the light source to the outside or such that the color conversion member is spaced apart from the lens by a lens air gap (Lb). Hidden lighting without deterioration of optical efficiency of LED light from the light source is thereby implemented. One or more of a black painting, a coating layer, an application layer, and a deposition layer are provided, thereby providing concealment of the lamp inner space of the lens, anti-peeling of a deposit, and diversity of fluorescent color.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electronic settlement system, an electronic settlement method, and a cash payment method using a barcode displayed on a mobile terminal, thereby simply performing member identification using the barcode including member information, electronic settlement services (such as credit card settlement, direct payment card settlement, advance payment card settlement, small amount settlement, and Giro system settlement) at various shops via a procedure verifying whether a user is an actual owner of the barcode, cash payment services via member information barcode and member identification procedures, advance payment card services by depositing a designated amount of money at a database of the bank and allowing the user to systematically use the advance card within the deposited money, and wireless banking services for transmitting and receiving various banking related data via wireless network between the bank and the members.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electronic settlement system, an electronic settlement method, and a cash payment method using a barcode displayed on a mobile terminal, thereby simply performing member identification using the barcode including member information, electronic settlement services (such as credit card settlement, direct payment card settlement, advance payment card settlement, small amount settlement, and Giro system settlement) at various shops via a procedure verifying whether a user is an actual owner of the barcode, cash payment services via member information barcode and member identification procedures, advance payment card services by depositing a designated amount of money at a database of the bank and allowing the user to systematically use the advance card within the deposited money, and wireless banking services for transmitting and receiving various banking related data via wireless network between the bank and the members.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electronic settlement system, an electronic settlement method, and a cash payment method using a barcode displayed on a mobile terminal, thereby simply performing member identification using the barcode including member information, electronic settlement services (such as credit card settlement, direct payment card settlement, advance payment card settlement, small amount settlement, and Giro system settlement) at various shops via a procedure verifying whether a user is an actual owner of the barcode, cash payment services via member information barcode and member identification procedures, advance payment card services by depositing a designated amount of money at a database of the bank and allowing the user to systematically use the advance card within the deposited money, and wireless banking services for transmitting and receiving various banking related data via wireless network between the bank and the members.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electronic settlement system, an electronic settlement method, and a cash payment method using a barcode displayed on a mobile terminal, thereby simply performing member identification using the barcode including member information, electronic settlement services (such as credit card settlement, direct payment card settlement, advance payment card settlement, small amount settlement, and Giro system settlement) at various shops via a procedure verifying whether a user is an actual owner of the barcode, cash payment services via member information barcode and member identification procedures, advance payment card services by depositing a designated amount of money at a database of the bank and allowing the user to systematically use the advance card within the deposited money, and wireless banking services for transmitting and receiving various banking related data via wireless network between the bank and the members.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antenna and an RFID tag, in which a connection part where a radiator dipole and a T-junction are connected has a branch structure, so that an electric current can be induced in the T-junction and the radiator dipole by the branch structure, and the amount of the electric current induced in the radiator dipole can be adjusted to thereby control impedance of the RFID tag antenna in detail. The RFID tag antenna includes: a substrate; a radiator dipole symmetrically printed on the substrate in a form of meanders; and a T-junction formed between the symmetrical radiator dipoles, formed integrally with each end part of the symmetrical radiator dipoles and performing impedance matching between the radiator dipole and an RFID tag chip, wherein a connection part where the symmetrical radiator dipole and the T-junction are connected has a branch structure.

Abstract: A headlamp assembly for providing various beam patterns for a vehicle is provided, which includes a lamp shield driving device. The device comprises a first shield including at least one shield projection formed on a circumference thereof, a second shield to shield at least a part of beam irradiation in a close range, and a shield driving unit to drive the first shield and the second shield in a sequential order to thereby generate a certain beam pattern.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electronic settlement system, an electronic settlement method, and a cash payment method using a barcode displayed on a mobile terminal, thereby simply performing member identification using the barcode including member information, electronic settlement services (such as credit card settlement, direct payment card settlement, advance payment card settlement, small amount settlement, and Giro system settlement) at various shops via a procedure verifying whether a user is an actual owner of the barcode, cash payment services via member information barcode and member identification procedures, advance payment card services by depositing a designated amount of money at a database of the bank and allowing the user to systematically use the advance card within the deposited money, and wireless banking services for transmitting and receiving various banking related data via wireless network between the bank and the members.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electronic settlement system, an electronic settlement method, and a cash payment method using a barcode displayed on a mobile terminal, thereby performing member identification using the barcode including member information, electronic settlement services (such as credit card settlement, direct payment card settlement, advance payment card settlement, small amount settlement, and Giro system settlement) at various shops via a procedure verifying whether a user is an actual owner of the barcode, cash payment services via member information barcode and member identification procedures, advance payment card services by depositing a designated amount of money at a database of the bank and allowing the user to systematically use the advance card within the deposited money, and wireless banking services for transmitting and receiving various banking related data via wireless network between the bank and the members.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electronic settlement system, an electronic settlement method, and a cash payment method using a LCD barcode displayed on a mobile terminal, thereby simply performing member identification using the LCD barcode including member information, electronic settlement services (such as credit card settlement, direct payment card settlement, advance payment card settlement, small amount settlement, and Giro system settlement) at various shops via a procedure verifying whether a user is an actual owner of the barcode, cash payment services via member information barcode and member identification procedures, advance payment card services by depositing a designated amount of money at a database of the bank and allowing the user to systematically use the advance card within the deposited money, and wireless banking services for transmitting and receiving various banking related data via wireless network between the bank and the members.

Abstract: A headlamp assembly for providing various beam patterns for a vehicle is provided, which includes a lamp shield driving device. The device comprises a first shield including at least one shield projection formed on a circumference thereof, a second shield to shield at least a part of beam irradiation in a close range, and a shield driving unit to drive the first shield and the second shield in a sequential order to thereby generate a certain beam pattern.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electronic settlement system, an electronic settlement method, and a cash payment method using a LCD barcode displayed on a mobile terminal, thereby simply performing member identification using the LCD barcode including member information, electronic settlement services (such as credit card settlement, direct payment card settlement, advance payment card settlement, small amount settlement, and Giro system settlement) at various shops via a procedure verifying whether a user is an actual owner of the barcode, cash payment services via member information barcode and member identification procedures, advance payment card services by depositing a designated amount of money at a database of the bank and allowing the user to systematically use the advance card within the deposited money, and wirelss banking services for transmitting and receiving various banking related data via wireless network between the bank and the members.

Abstract: A customer management system and method using an LCD barcode displayed on a mobile terminal. The present invention is simply and conveniently identifies customers using commodity barcodes being widely used and customer information barcodes on cellular phones, realizing effective marketing at minimum cost according to the purchase propensities or preferences of the customers for commodities and rapidly provides the customers with a variety of commodity information and a variety of benefits based on the results of their barcode use at any place, thereby effectively managing the customers integratedly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a customer management system and method using LCD barcode displayed on mobile terminal. The present invention is capable of simply and conveniently identifying customers using commodity barcodes being widely used and customer information barcodes on cellular phones, realizing effective marketing at minimum cost according to the purchase propensities or preferences of the customers for commodities and rapidly providing the customers with a variety of commodity information and a variety of benefits based on the results of their barcode use at any place, thereby effectively managing the customers integratedly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a customer management system and method using LCD barcode displayed on mobile terminal. The present invention is capable of simply and conveniently identifying customers using commodity barcodes being widely used and customer information barcodes on cellular phones, realizing effective marketing at minimum cost according to the purchase propensities or preferences of the customers for commodities and rapidly providing the customers with a variety of commodity information and a variety of benefits based on the results of their barcode use at any place, thereby effectively managing the customers integratedly.