Abstract: The invention discloses a high speed switching solid state relay circuit with a switching section, a current limiting section and a voltage limiting section. The switching section comprises a bridge rectifier receiving the load voltage inputs, a MOSFET with a source connected to the negative voltage of the load through the bridge rectifier, a drain connected to the load voltage output, and a gate. The switching section further includes an isolator circuit comprising an optically-coupled LED. The isolator circuit is configured to receive a logic input signal and generate an isolated output signal based on the logic input signal, and the gate of the MOSFET is driven by the isolated output signal. The current limiting section includes a first set of resistors connecting the voltage drop across the load to the gate of the MOSFET through diodes. The voltage limiting section comprises a Zener diode connected to the gate of the MOSFET.

Abstract: A circuit includes phase windings, a power switch circuit comprising at least one power switch at a midpoint of the phase windings, a direct current (DC) supply circuit at the midpoint of the phase windings, and one or more non-collapsing DC power supply components to prevent the DC power supply from collapsing when the at least one power switch is on and conducting during one or more portions of a cycle.

Abstract: Exchangeable stator components are selected and exchangeable rotor components are selected to transform a motor from one motor class to another motor class. A motor comprises at least two stator rings, at least two outer rotor rings, a first input, and a second input. The first input comprises at least one exchangeable stator component selected from a stator component group consisting of a stator spacer ring and an axially magnetized stator magnet ring. The second input comprises at least one exchangeable rotor component from a rotor component group consisting of a rotor spacer ring and an axially magnetized rotor magnet ring.

Abstract: A divided phase windings circuit includes motor divided phase windings, a power switch circuit comprising at least one power switch and a direct current (DC) supply circuit all at a midpoint of the divided motor phase windings, and a non-collapsing DC power supply component to prevent the DC power supply from collapsing when the at least one power switch is on and conducting.

Abstract: A phase windings circuit for a motor includes at least two phase windings forming one half of motor phase windings of the circuit and at least two other phase windings forming another half of the motor phase windings of the circuit. A direct current (DC) power supply is located at least approximately at a midpoint of the motor phase windings to receive alternating current (AC) power transferred from one or more of the phase windings and convert the AC power to DC power. A first stage power switch circuit comprises at least one power switch outside of the DC power supply and is electrically connected at least approximately at a midpoint between phase windings on each half of the circuit. A second stage power switch circuit comprises at least one other power switch outside of the DC power supply and is electrically connected at least approximately at the midpoint of the divided phase windings to receive AC power from the motor divided phase windings.

Abstract: Exchangeable stator components are selected and exchangeable rotor components are selected to transform a motor from one motor class to another motor class. A motor class includes a switched reluctance (SR) motor class, a parallel path magnetic technology (PPMT) motor class, or an interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor class.

Abstract: An actuator includes a first stator with four first poles and a second stator with four second poles aligned with the four first poles. A permanent magnet is attached to the first stator and the second stator. Four moving armatures are positioned at terminal ends of the four first poles and the four second poles. Coils are wrapped around the first stator and the second stator. A controller selectively applies current to the coils to migrate flux created by the permanent magnet through selective poles of the first stator and the second stator and thereby alter the size of air gaps associated with the four moving armatures.

Abstract: An actuator includes an upper stator with four upper poles and a lower stator with four lower poles aligned with the four upper poles. A permanent magnet is attached to the upper stator and the lower stator. Four moving armatures are positioned at terminal ends of the four upper poles and the four lower poles. Coils are wrapped around the upper stator and the lower stator. A controller selectively applies current to the coils to migrate flux created by the permanent magnet through selective poles of the upper stator and the lower stator and thereby alter the size of air gaps associated with the four moving armatures.

Abstract: A divided phase windings circuit includes motor divided phase windings, a power switch circuit comprising at least one power switch and a direct current (DC) supply circuit all at a midpoint of the divided motor phase windings, and a non-collapsing DC power supply component to prevent the DC power supply from collapsing when the at least one power switch is on and conducting.

Abstract: Exchangeable stator components are selected and exchangeable rotor components are selected to transform a motor from one motor class to another motor class. A motor class includes a switched reluctance (SR) motor class, a parallel path magnetic technology (PPMT) motor class, or an interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor class.

Abstract: A magnetically isolated phase stator includes a stator phase section with two sides and a magnetically inactive isolation region on each side that prevents a permanent magnetic field from being shared from the stator phase section and another stator phase section of the stator. A magnetically isolated phase interior permanent magnet electrical rotating machine includes a magnetically isolated phase stator, a rotor, and an air gap between the stator and rotor defining a rotor-stator interface, the rotor having two or multiples of two permanent magnets arranged in parallel with opposing magnetic poles to direct magnetic flux through a pole of the rotor, through the air gap of the rotor-stator interface, and through a pole of the stator.

Abstract: An actuator includes an upper stator with four upper poles and a lower stator with four lower poles aligned with the four upper poles. A permanent magnet is attached to the upper stator and the lower stator. Four moving armatures are positioned at terminal ends of the four upper poles and the four lower poles. Coils are wrapped around the upper stator and the lower stator. A controller selectively applies current to the coils to migrate flux created by the permanent magnet through selective poles of the upper stator and the lower stator and thereby alter the size of air gaps associated with the four moving armatures.

Abstract: A parallel magnetic circuit motor includes a rotor without magnets and a stator with magnets. The rotor, stator and windings are configured to produce unidirectional current and torque with electrically independent phases.

Abstract: An electro-mechanical device that functions as a motor or a generator and methods for constructing and using such electro-mechanical device are provided. The electro-mechanical device features permanent magnets placed in a magnetically attracting manner and inter-dispersed between control coils. The control coils are energized to create a flux opposing the flux of the permanent magnets and to create a rotational torque on the poles of a salient pole rotor before those poles align with the poles of the energized control coil stator segment. Power can be generated by placing the flux of the control coils in a steady state and mechanically rotating the salient pole rotor. The electro-mechanical device provides little or no cogging forces, high-efficiency operation, and a high power density.

Abstract: An electro-mechanical device that functions as a motor or a generator and methods for constructing and using such electro-mechanical device are provided. The electro-mechanical device features permanent magnets placed in a magnetically attracting manner and inter-dispersed between control coils. The control coils are energized to create a flux opposing the flux of the permanent magnets and to create a rotational torque on the poles of a salient pole rotor before those poles align with the poles of the energized control coil stator segment. Power can be generated by placing the flux of the control coils in a steady state and mechanically rotating the salient pole rotor. The electro-mechanical device provides little or no cogging forces, high-efficiency operation, and a high power density.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for providing and controlling a permanent magnet electro-mechanical device that functions as a motor or generator are disclosed. The electro-mechanical device uses control coils to steer magnetic flux of permanent magnets placed between stator segments. The control coils can be wound around the bridge of a stator segment, the poles of a stator segment or both. The electro-mechanical device can be single phase or multi-phase and can include controllers, sensors, a thermal/electrical insulating structure, or a reluctance gap. The stator poles are grouped and designed with an angular spacing that is based on the number of permanent magnets. The electro-mechanical device has a higher power density than conventional motors and generators and operates more efficiently, while operating at cooler temperatures.

Abstract: A system and method of preparing artwork for a laser foil die implement prism lines designed to interact with the diffraction grating on a layer of laser hot foil. Artwork may be selectively segmented into discrete regions; prism lines may be created by assigning a halftone value, a frequency value, and an angle for each region of the artwork. A system and method of creating a laser foil die transfer such artwork and prism lines to a blank die; when created in accordance with the present invention, a die may transfer prism lines to a layer of laser foil applied to a substrate.

Abstract: A permanent magnet device includes a permanent magnet having north and south pole faces with a first pole piece positioned adjacent one pole face thereof and a second pole piece positioned adjacent the other pole face thereof so as to create at least two potential magnetic flux paths. A first control coil is positioned along one flux path and a second control coil is positioned along the other flux path, each coil being connected to a control circuit for controlling the energization thereof. The control coils may be energized in a variety of ways to achieved desirable motive and static devices, including linear reciprocating devices, linear motion devices, rotary motion devices and power conversion.

Abstract: A permanent magnet device includes a permanent magnet having north and south pole faces with a first pole piece positioned adjacent one pole face thereof and a second pole piece positioned adjacent the other pole face thereof so as to create at least two potential magnetic flux paths. A first control coil is positioned along one flux path and a second control coil is positioned along the other flux path, each coil being connected to a control circuit for controlling the energization thereof. The control coils may be energized in a variety of ways to achieved desirable motive and static devices, including linear reciprocating devices, linear motion devices, rotary motion devices and power conversion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a control circuit for a motor, the motor including a rotor having a non-magnetic body portion and a peripheral portion, the peripheral portion being formed on permanently magnetized material, one arcuate portion thereof having north magnetic pole and another arcuate portion having south magnetic pole, a pair of motor coils, a diode bridge circuit having opposed input connections and opposed output connections, a circuit for connecting the respective opposed input connections of the bridge circuit in series with the pair of coils across an alternating current source, a first circuit portion connected across the opposed output connections of the diode bridge circuit including a controllable switch device having a control gate, circuitry to control the voltage applied to the control gate to control the conducting condition thereof and hence current flow through the pair of coils, circuit means including first and second parallel circuits each having a resistor in series with a di