Abstract: An optical system affixed to an electronic apparatus is provided, including a first optical module, a second optical module, and a third optical module. The first optical module is configured to adjust the moving direction of a first light from a first moving direction to a second moving direction, wherein the first moving direction is not parallel to the second moving direction. The second optical module is configured to receive the first light moving in the second moving direction. The first light reaches the third optical module via the first optical module and the second optical module in sequence. The third optical module includes a first photoelectric converter configured to transform the first light into a first image signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method of using an herbal chip for screening for candidate compounds as a GPCR agonist or antagonist from herbs by using a labeled anti-GPCR-GPCR as a probe for hybridization.

Abstract: The use of flavone derivatives of formula (I) in which R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 independently represent hydrogen, hydroxy or an ester group; R6 represents hydrogen, hydroxy, an ester group or an O-glycoside group such as O-rhamnose, O-glucoside, O-retinoside or O-xyloside; and represents a single bond or a double bond; or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as TNF? antagonists or inhibitors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to andrographolide and its derivatives of the general formula (I), as well as the stereoisomers and salts of andrographolide and the derivatives. Andrographolide and its derivatives represented by general formula (I) defined above are useful as TNF? (tumor necrosis factor alpha) antagonists or inhibitors which have inhibitory effect on the binding of TNF? to TNF-RI. Andrographolide exhibited inhibitor activity with IC50 values 60 ?M on L929 cell proliferation/cytotoxicity assay without cell cytotoxicity. In addition, in the animal model test of collagen-induced arthritis, andrographolide exhibited 50% paw edema. Andrographolide and its derivatives are promising sources with high TNF?-inhibiting or antagonizing activity.