Abstract: A capacitor includes cup-shaped lower electrodes disposed on a substrate, a capacitor dielectric layer conformally covering inner surfaces and outer surfaces of the cup-shaped lower electrodes, and a support layer disposed between outer surfaces of the cup-shaped lower electrodes to connect the cup-shaped lower electrodes. The capacitor further includes an annealed oxide layer, which is interposed between the inner surfaces of the cup-shaped lower electrodes and the capacitor dielectric layer, and is also interposed between a portion of the outer surfaces of the cup-shaped lower electrodes and the capacitor dielectric layer. A method for forming the capacitor is also provided.

Abstract: A DRAM device and its manufacturing method are provided. The DRAM device includes an interlayer dielectric layer and capacitor units framed on a substrate. The interlayer dielectric layer has capacitor unit accommodating through holes and includes a first support layer, a composite dielectric layer, and a second support layer sequentially formed on the substrate. The composite dielectric layer includes at least one first insulating layer and second insulating layer alternately stacked. Each capacitor unit accommodating through hole forms a first opening in the second insulating layer and forms a second opening communicating with the first opening in the first insulating layer. The second opening is wider than the first opening. The capacitor units are formed in the capacitor unit accommodating through holes. The top of the capacitor unit is higher than the top surface of the interlayer dielectric layer and defines a recessed region.

Abstract: A flow control valve apparatus is provided in which a main valve adjusts the flow rate of cooling water by operating a plurality of ports and a sub-valve that operates with the main valve adjusts the flow rates of the cooling water circulating through a cylinder block and a cylinder head. The flow rate of the cooling water is variously adjusted based on the operation conditions of a vehicle.

Abstract: A capacitor and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The capacitor includes a cup-shaped lower electrode, a capacitive dielectric layer, an upper electrode, and a support layer. The support layer includes an upper support layer surrounding an upper portion of the cup-shaped lower electrode, a middle support layer surrounding a middle portion of the cup-shaped lower electrode, and a lower support layer surrounding a lower portion of the cup-shaped lower electrode. Surfaces of the upper support layer, the middle support layer, and the lower support layer are covered by the capacitive dielectric layer.

Abstract: A flow control valve apparatus switches a circulation direction of cooling medium according to a rotated position of a valve, and a disc provided in the valve controls the flow rate of the cooling medium flowing through a plurality of flow paths, so that the flow rate control of the cooling medium is diversified according to various conditions to improve cooling performance by efficiently circulating the cooling medium.

Abstract: A cooling system of a vehicle includes a first refrigerant line that circulates a refrigerant between an engine and a first radiator, a second refrigerant line that circulates the refrigerant between a thermoelectric module and a second radiator for producing electric power from heat in an exhaust gas exhausted from the engine, a supply line that connects an upstream side of the engine in the first refrigerant line and an upstream side of the thermoelectric module in the second refrigerant line to supply the refrigerant in the first refrigerant line to the second refrigerant line, and a return line that connects a downstream side of the thermoelectric module in the second refrigerant line and a downstream side of the engine in the first refrigerant line to return the refrigerant in the second refrigerant line to the first refrigerant line.

Abstract: A flow control valve apparatus switches a circulation direction of cooling medium according to a rotated position of a valve, and a disc provided in the valve controls the flow rate of the cooling medium flowing through a plurality of flow paths, so that the flow rate control of the cooling medium is diversified according to various conditions to improve cooling performance by efficiently circulating the cooling medium.

Abstract: An engine structure includes a cylinder block, a cylinder liner, a block water jacket formed between the cylinder block and the cylinder liner, a block insert assembly inserted into the block water jacket, and an cylinder head. In particular, the block insert assembly includes: a first block insert and a second block insert, which are disposed between the cylinder liner and the cylinder block. One side end portion of the first block insert, which is adjacent to a block coolant inlet side, has a first flow resistor for sealing only a partial space of the space between the cylinder block and the cylinder liner, and one side end portion of the second block insert, which is adjacent to the block coolant inlet side, has a second flow resistor for sealing the entire space between the cylinder block and the cylinder liner.

Abstract: A DRAM device and its manufacturing method are provided. The DRAM device includes an interlayer dielectric layer and capacitor units framed on a substrate. The interlayer dielectric layer has capacitor unit accommodating through holes and includes a first support layer, a composite dielectric layer, and a second support layer sequentially formed on the substrate. The composite dielectric layer includes at least one first insulating layer and second insulating layer alternately stacked. Each capacitor unit accommodating through hole forms a first opening in the second insulating layer and forms a second opening communicating with the first opening in the first insulating layer. The second opening is wider than the first opening. The capacitor units are formed in the capacitor unit accommodating through holes. The top of the capacitor unit is higher than the top surface of the interlayer dielectric layer and defines a recessed region.

Abstract: A flow control valve apparatus is provided in which a main valve adjusts the flow rate of cooling water by operating a plurality of ports and a sub-valve that operates with the main valve adjusts the flow rates of the cooling water circulating through a cylinder block and a cylinder head. The flow rate of the cooling water is variously adjusted based on the operation conditions of a vehicle.

Abstract: A vehicle thermal management system is provided that includes an integrated thermal management (ITM) valve having a coolant outlet flow path that is connected to each of heat exchangers, which include one or more among a coolant inlet connected to an engine coolant outlet of an engine and into which coolant flows, a heater core, an EGR cooler, an oil warmer, and an ATF warmer, and a radiator and through which the coolant is distributed. A water pump is disposed at the front end of an engine coolant inlet of the engine and a coolant branch flow path is branched at the front end of the engine coolant inlet to be connected to any one of the heat exchangers.

Abstract: A vehicle thermal management system is provided that includes an integrated thermal management (ITM) valve having a coolant outlet flow path that is connected to each of heat exchangers, which include one or more among a coolant inlet connected to an engine coolant outlet of an engine and into which coolant flows, a heater core, an EGR cooler, an oil warmer, and an ATF warmer, and a radiator and through which the coolant is distributed. A water pump is disposed at the front end of an engine coolant inlet of the engine and a coolant branch flow path is branched at the front end of the engine coolant inlet to be connected to any one of the heat exchangers.

Abstract: An integrated flow control valve apparatus for controlling a flow rate of coolant in an engine cooling system for cooling an engine including a cylinder block and a cylinder head mounted above the cylinder block, includes a valve housing; a plurality of coolant ports formed at the valve housing and provided as inlets and outlets through which the coolant flows into and out of the valve housing; and valves configured for opening and closing the coolant ports, wherein the coolant ports include a first inlet port for introduction of the coolant from the cylinder block and a second inlet port for introduction of the coolant from the cylinder head into the valve housing; and the flow of the coolant at the first and second inlet ports is controlled by the valves configured to vary the flow of the coolant in the cylinder block and the cylinder head.

Abstract: A vehicle thermal management system includes an Integrated Thermal Management Valve (ITM) for receiving engine coolant through a coolant inlet connected to an engine coolant outlet of an engine, and for distributing the engine coolant flowing out toward a radiator through a coolant outlet flow path connected to a heat exchange system. The heat exchange system includes at least one among a heater core, an Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) cooler, an oil warmer, an Auto Transmission Fluid (ATF) warmer, and the radiator. The thermal management system includes a water pump positioned at the front end of the engine coolant inlet of the engine and a coolant branch flow path branched at the front end of an engine coolant inlet to be connected to the coolant outlet flow path.

Abstract: A vehicle thermal management system includes a plurality of coolant circulation/distribution systems that form an engine coolant flow, which circulates in an engine via mechanic/electronic water pumps, a heater core, High Temperature (HT)/Low Temperature (LT) radiators, an Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) cooler, an oil warmer, an Auto Transmission Fluid (ATF) warmer, and an intercooler, in association with an Integrated Thermal Management Valve (ITM) and a Smart Single Valve (SSV). The thermal management system prevents turbo boiling at Ignition Key Off in association with the SSV and an Electric Water Pump (EWP) of the water-cooled intercooler while quickly implementing warm-up of the engine and the engine oil/ATF oil by the four-port layout of the ITM at the same time.

Abstract: A flow control valve is provided to adjust the flow rate of coolant and a variable-separation-cooling process at the same time by adjusting the opening degree of the flow control valve. The ports are controlled simultaneously in a variable manner merely by the operation of the flow control valve and thus, a variable temperature control process for increasing the temperature of the entire engine, rapid engine warm-up, and a separated cooling process at the same time is realized.

Abstract: A capacitor and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The capacitor includes a cup-shaped lower electrode, a capacitive dielectric layer, an upper electrode, and a support layer. The support layer includes an upper support layer surrounding an upper portion of the cup-shaped lower electrode, a middle support layer surrounding a middle portion of the cup-shaped lower electrode, and a lower support layer surrounding a lower portion of the cup-shaped lower electrode. Surfaces of the upper support layer, the middle support layer, and the lower support layer are covered by the capacitive dielectric layer.

Abstract: A vehicle thermal management system includes a plurality of coolant circulation/distribution systems that form an engine coolant flow, which circulates in an engine via mechanic/electronic water pumps, a heater core, High Temperature (HT)/Low Temperature (LT) radiators, an Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) cooler, an oil warmer, an Auto Transmission Fluid (ATF) warmer, and an intercooler, in association with an Integrated Thermal Management Valve (ITM) and a Smart Single Valve (SSV). The thermal management system prevents turbo boiling at Ignition Key Off in association with the SSV and an Electric Water Pump (EWP) of the water-cooled intercooler while quickly implementing warm-up of the engine and the engine oil/ATF oil by the four-port layout of the ITM at the same time.

Abstract: A vehicle thermal management system includes an Integrated Thermal Management Valve (ITM) for receiving engine coolant through a coolant inlet connected to an engine coolant outlet of an engine, and for distributing the engine coolant flowing out toward a radiator through a coolant outlet flow path connected to a heat exchange system. The heat exchange system includes at least one among a heater core, an Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) cooler, an oil warmer, an Auto Transmission Fluid (ATF) warmer, and the radiator. The thermal management system includes a water pump positioned at the front end of the engine coolant inlet of the engine and a coolant branch flow path branched at the front end of an engine coolant inlet to be connected to the coolant outlet flow path.

Abstract: A vehicle thermal management system includes an Integrated Thermal Management Valve (ITM) for receiving engine coolant through a coolant inlet connected to an engine coolant outlet of an engine, and for distributing the engine coolant flowing out toward a radiator through a coolant outlet flow path connected to a heater core and a radiator. The thermal management system includes a water pump positioned at the front end of an engine coolant inlet of the engine, a coolant branch flow path branched at the front end of the engine coolant inlet to be connected with an Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) cooler. and a Smart Single Valve (SSV) for adjusting an engine coolant flow in the EGR cooler flow path direction on the coolant branch flow path.