Abstract: A method of operating an embedded system including target hardware is provided. An operating system of the embedded system has a user mode and a kernel mode. The method includes: providing a user mode driver, which is executed in the user mode to control the target hardware; providing a kernel mode driver, which is executed in the kernel mode to control the target hardware; receiving an instruction code; and deciding to use one of the user mode driver and the kernel mode driver according to the instruction code to control the target hardware.

Abstract: A program code loading method of an application is applied to a computing system that stores a program code of an application in a flash memory. The program code is loaded in a recording mode, including generating an initial address and a data length of a second program code of the application by executing a first program code of the application. According to the initial address and data length, the second program code is loaded from the flash memory to a DRAM. A replay file, including the initial address and the data length of the second program code, is generated and stored to the flash memory. The program code is loaded in a replay mode, including loading the second program code from the flash memory to the DRAM according to the initial address and data length of the second program code in the replay file.

Abstract: A program code loading method of an application is applied to a computing system that stores a program code of an application in a flash memory. The program code is loaded in a recording mode, including generating an initial address and a data length of a second program code of the application by executing a first program code of the application. According to the initial address and data length, the second program code is loaded from the flash memory to a DRAM. A replay file, including the initial address and the data length of the second program code, is generated and stored to the flash memory. The program code is loaded in a replay mode, including loading the second program code from the flash memory to the DRAM according to the initial address and data length of the second program code in the replay file.

Abstract: By comparing a chip unique password, certification for activating a debug function can be established on the chip unique password. Thus, even when the chip unique password is lost due to negligence, not only certification for activating debugging on other motherboards of the same model number can remain unaffected, but also risks caused by replacing a chip or by a private key leakage from a system manufacturer are eliminated.

Abstract: A method of processing secure services is provided. The method is applied to a processing unit of a computing device to control the processing unit to process multiple secure services. The computing device includes a storage unit. The method includes: controlling a core of the processing unit to perform following steps in a secure mode: accessing the storage unit to obtain a first command that includes first secure service information, processing a first secure service associated with the first secure service information according to the first command, and accessing the storage unit to obtain a second command that includes second secure service information. During a period from a time point that the core accesses the storage unit to obtain the first to a time point that the core accesses the second command, the core is controlled to stay in the secure mode.

Abstract: LEDs and an electronic device are disclosed. In an embodiment an LED includes a p-n diode and a dielectric mirror spanning along a lateral sidewall of the p-n diode and directly underneath the p-n diode. An opening is formed in the dielectric mirror directly underneath the p-n diode, and a bottom conductive contact is on the dielectric mirror directly underneath the p-n diode and within the opening in the dielectric mirror.

Abstract: An embedded device and a memory management method of the embedded device are provided. The embedded device includes a system memory and hardware memory. An operating system of the embedded device operates based on virtual memory addresses. The method includes: mapping the virtual memory addresses to indirect memory addresses by a first memory management unit; and mapping the indirect memory addresses to physical addresses of the hardware memory and selectively to physical addresses of the system memory by a second memory management unit, such that the operating system of the embedded device is able to access the hardware memory.

Abstract: A method of processing secure services is provided. The method is applied to a processing unit of a computing device to control the processing unit to process multiple secure services. The computing device includes a storage unit. The method includes: controlling a core of the processing unit to perform following steps in a secure mode: accessing the storage unit to obtain a first command that includes first secure service information, processing a first secure service associated with the first secure service information according to the first command, and accessing the storage unit to obtain a second command that includes second secure service information. During a period from a time point that the core accesses the storage unit to obtain the first to a time point that the core accesses the second command, the core is controlled to stay in the secure mode.

Abstract: An embedded device, a RAM disk of an embedded device and a method of accessing a RAM disk of an embedded device are provided. The embedded device includes: a processing unit, configured to execute an operating system; a first memory, for the processing unit to access required system data when the processing unit executes the operating system; a function module, configured to perform a predetermined function; a second memory, for the function module to access required functional data through direct memory access when the function module performs the predetermined function; and a RAM disk driving module, configured to incorporate a first part of the first memory with the second memory to one RAM disk, and to control access of the RAM disk.

Abstract: A memory access authority control method and a memory management system utilizing the method. By partitioning and designating permissible memory access intervals to different service programs in one system, it is ensured that each service program cannot access other service programs' confidential data. Thus, the security of confidential data is guaranteed.

Abstract: A multifunctional printer and an automatically opening or closing cover device are provided. The multifunctional printer includes a main body and the automatically opening or closing cover device. The main body includes a housing and a cover pivoted to the housing, wherein the housing includes an opening. The cover includes a first protrusion and a second protrusion protruding to the inner of the housing and being located in the opening. The automatically opening or closing cover device is disposed in the main body and includes a gear and a sliding element. The sliding element includes a body portion, a driving portion and a driven portion, wherein the driving portion and the driven portion are disposed on opposite sides of the body portion, and the driving portion engages with the gear.

Abstract: By comparing a chip unique password, certification for activating a debug function can be established on the chip unique password. Thus, even when the chip unique password is lost due to negligence, not only certification for activating debugging on other motherboards of the same model number can remain unaffected, but also risks caused by replacing a chip or by a private key leakage from a system manufacturer are eliminated.

Abstract: A memory access authority control method and a memory management system utilizing the method. By partitioning and designating permissible memory access intervals to different service programs in one system, it is ensured that each service program cannot access other service programs' confidential data. Thus, the security of confidential data is guaranteed.

Abstract: A multifunctional printer and an automatically opening or closing cover device are provided. The multifunctional printer includes a main body and the automatically opening or closing cover device. The main body includes a housing and a cover pivoted to the housing, wherein the housing includes an opening. The cover includes a first protrusion and a second protrusion protruding to the inner of the housing and being located in the opening. The automatically opening or closing cover device is disposed in the main body and includes a gear and a sliding element. The sliding element includes a body portion, a driving portion and a driven portion, wherein the driving portion and the driven portion are disposed on opposite sides of the body portion, and the driving portion engages with the gear.

Abstract: A human interface suitable for being held is provided. The human interface includes a first housing, a second housing and a rotating shaft. The first housing has a first sidewall and a sliding chunk, and the sliding chunk is located at a side of the first sidewall. The second housing having a second sidewall and a sliding trough is disposed under the first housing, wherein the sliding trough is located at one side of the second sidewall. The sliding chunk is disposed in the sliding trough. The rotating shaft is pivotally connected between the first housing and the second housing and located at a side of the first housing apart from the sliding chunk. The sliding chunk of the first housing slides in the sliding trough of the second housing, and the first housing rotates relative to the second housing by using the rotating shaft as a rotating center.

Abstract: A system and method thereof for capturing and reconstructing a dynamic 3D ultrasound image of a blood vessel are provided. The present system includes a ultrasound transducer, a motor positioning system, an electrocardiograph, a microprocessor for processing ultrasound images and signals capturing by the ultrasound transducer, and a monitor displaying the dynamic 3D ultrasound image. The motor positioning system controls the ultrasound transducer to capture 2D ultrasound images of the blood vessel at several locations in a predetermined urea. During the capturing process, capturing times, electrocardiograms and 3D locations of those captured 2D ultrasound images are simultaneously recoded. Finally, those captured 2D ultrasound images are reconstructed to the dynamic 3D ultrasound image of the blood vessel according to the time bases based on the phases of the electrocardiograms.

Abstract: A system and a method for generating an interrupt are provided. In the interrupt generating method, a time-out mechanism is executed by a second network component of a computer system after a packet processing action is finished. An interrupt is generated by the second network component only if a first network component of the computer system does not execute a polling action during a predefined period after the time-out mechanism is processed. Thus, it is not necessary to generate the interrupt every time after processing a network packet, so that less interrupts are generated and accordingly the loading of the computer system is reduced. Moreover, the reaction time of the computer system is kept to ensure the efficiency of the computer system.

Abstract: An adhesive laminating apparatus comprises a rack which connected to a sensor, two gluey-film rollers, a feeding-in roller set, a movable cutlery set, a feeding-out roller set and a controller etc. in sequence. Documents which are ready to laminate are automatically cohered between two gluey-films like a sandwich. It causes the movable cutlery set to cut a laminated gluey-film, and then laminated documents are sent out of the roller set.