Abstract: A biological cell test method and apparatus employs a conventional perforated cell carrier which has a plurality of holes. Each hole has two metal electrodes. A cell is disposed in the hole to contact the two electrodes. The electrodes are connected to electric current or voltage. The electric current or field flows from one electrode through the cell to another electrode. Through the inherent impedance, inductance or capacitance of the cell, the presence or property reactions of the cell may be detected.

Abstract: A method for fabricating piezoelectric workpieces with augmenting surface electrodes is disclosed for improving fabrication and operation reliability of the workpieces. The fabrication method forms a plurality of function electrodes on the surface of the body of the workpiece and the function electrodes being connected in the electric circuit of the piezoelectric system. At least one of the function electrodes has a shape with a contour of at least one acute angle. At least one polarization augmenting electrode is then formed on the surface of the body proximate to the acute angle, the polarization augmenting electrode and the proximate function electrode thereof constituting a gross electrode when connected electrically together. Electric dipoles of grain molecules of the body are then polarized utilizing the gross electrode, the gross electrode substantially cancels the acute angle when paired with one of the function electrodes and connected to a polarization voltage for implementing the polarization.

Abstract: A piezoelectric transformer apparatus is disclosed for converting electrical input energy into output for driving a load under optimized conditions. The transformer apparatus comprises at least one actuator section and at least one sensor section. The at least one actuator section has a modal-shaped electrode for optimized electrical-to-mechanical energy conversion for exciting mechanical vibration in the apparatus. The at least one sensor section has a sensor electrode with the electrical impedance of output static capacitance thereof matched to impedance of the load for optimized conversion of the energy of said excited mechanical vibration into electrical energy for driving said load.

Abstract: A diffraction laser encoder apparatus for positional and movement information measurement of a target made with a diffraction grating. The diffraction laser encoder has a laser light source for generating a source beam. A polarization beam splitter assembly comprises a polarization beam splitter for receiving the source beam for splitting a P-polarization component and an S-polarization component of the source beam into parallel and offset beams. A focusing lens focuses the P-polarization component and the S-polarization component beams onto the target diffraction grating and returning diffracted P-polarization and diffracted S-polarization beams back into the polarization beam splitter for generating a detector beam coaxially containing the diffracted P-polarization and the diffracted S-polarization beams. A detector assembly receives the detector beam for electrical processing and analysis for resolving the positional and movement information.

Abstract: A multi-function opto-electronic detection apparatus for detecting molecular characteristics of a test sample. The appratuses comprises functional mode subsystems including a detecting light source subsystem for generating sampling beams for illuminating the test sample; a manipulation optics subsystem for aligning the sampling beam onto the test sample; a target signal processing subsystem for analyzing target beams emerging from the test sample resulting from the illuminating of the sampling beam; and a sample fixation subsystem for holding the test sample. The detecting light source subsystem, manipulation optics subsystem and target signal processing subsystem are assembled into one of several possible optical sampling setups for the detection characteristics of the test sample. The functional mode setups include at least ellispometer, confocal image scanner, photon tunneling scanning microscope and interferometer.

Abstract: A biological cell test method and apparatus employs a conventional perforated cell carrier which has a plurality of holes. Each hole has two metal electrodes. A cell is disposed in the hole to contact the two electrodes. The electrodes are connected to electric current or voltage. The electric current or field flows from one electrode through the cell to another electrode. Through the inherent impedance, inductance or capacitance of the cell, the presence or property reactions of the cell may be detected.

Abstract: Augmenting surface electrodes for piezoelectric workpieces together with the method for fabrication are disclosed for improving fabrication and operation reliability of the workpieces. A piezoelectric workpiece used for energy conversion between electrical and mechanical forms in a piezoelectric system comprises a body, a number of function electrodes, and at least an augmenting surface electrode. The body of piezoelectricity is used for implementing the energy conversion. The function electrodes are each fixedly attached to the surface of the body, and are connected in the electric circuit for implementing the energy conversion. At least one of the function electrodes has a shape with a contour of at least one acute angle. At least an augmenting surface electrode has a substantially elongated shape fixedly attached to the surface of the body proximate to the acute angle.

Abstract: A method for measuring two-dimensional displacement using conjugate optics comprises the steps of emitting an incident beam onto a diffraction element to generate many firstly diffracted beams, selecting two axially symmetric beams of the same order of diffraction from the firstly diffracted beams, introducing corresponding sets of wavefront reconstruction optics to reflect the two selected beams back onto the same incident spot along the same optical paths and to generate many secondly diffracted beams, selecting two axially symmetric pairs of beams of the same order of diffraction from the secondly diffracted beams, forming two interference fringes by superposing the two selected pairs of beams via corresponding mirrors and interferometric optics, and obtaining two linearly independent displacements of the diffraction element relative to the rest of the optics by decoding the two interference fringes.

Abstract: The invention advantageously provides an alert system and method for geographic or natural disasters that utilize a telecommunications network for monitoring geographic data in disaster-prone areas and accordingly issuing warnings against potential disasters to people inside the monitored area. An alert system according to a preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a telecommunications service network, one or more wireless sensor modules and a control center. The telecommunications network according to this particular embodiment includes service coverage over the monitored areas. The wireless sensor modules are installed to selected locations inside monitored areas. Each of the sensor modules further comprises at least one sensor for collecting geographic or geodetic data and a wireless communications unit for sending collected geographic data to the control center via the telecommunications network.

Abstract: A microarray biochip includes a transparent substrate and a plurality of indented reaction zones formed on the substrate. Each reaction zone has a plurality of adhesive units of a preset height formed thereon in an array fashion, and a top surface to form a first adhesive surface and lateral side surfaces to form second adhesive surfaces. The invention can effectively hold sample solution and retain end label products after calorimetric or fluorometric reaction, and increases reaction area and be adopted for use in optical or reflective detection devices.

Abstract: A microarray biochip workstation allowing positioning of chips, immobilization of molecules, mixing of sample solution, molecular interactions and washing and processing qualitative and quantitative analyses consists of a positioning device for holding a biochip, a mixing device for acting on the sample solution applied on the biochip, a pumping device for removing the sample solution from the biochip surface that does not react, and a reading device for detecting reaction results of the biochip. The workstation thus constructed provides an integrated and effective work interface.

Abstract: A mixing apparatus for biochips consists of a oscillation unit with controllable vibration frequency, a transmission section driven by the oscillation unit for transferring vibration of the oscillation unit, and a mixing unit connecting to and driven by the transmission section and locating at a selected distance above the biochip surface. The oscillation unit may generate vibration of a specific frequency and the vibration frequency, amplitude and duration may be controlled for effectively mixing and separating sample solution rapidly, simply and more economically.

Abstract: A polarization splitting backlight module for efficiently converting a non-polarized light beam emitted from the light source into a single polarization state is disclosed. The polarization splitting backlight module of the present invention comprises an under plate with a ridged lower surface, a light source, a special reflection film, a scattering structure, a substrate and a polarization splitting film. The light beam emitted from the light source is introduced into the scattering structure between the under plate and the substrate. After a series of processes, such as scattering, reflection, phase retardation and polarization beam-splitting, the light beam will pass through the polarization splitting film being of a single polarization state such that it could be utilized by electro-optical systems, such as liquid crystal displays. The present invention converts light beams into a single polarization state, and the efficiency thus is higher than that of a conventional backlight module.

Abstract: The present invention is a wafer level integrating method for bonding an un-sliced wafer including image sensors and a wafer-sized substrate including optical components thereon. A zeroth order light reflective substrate is provided between the un-sliced wafer and the wafer-sized substrate. The image sensors are either CMOS or CCD image sensors. The wafer-sized substrate is a transparent plate and the optical components thereon include a blazed grating, a two-dimensional microlens array or other optical-functional elements. The wafer-sized substrate is bonded onto the zeroth order light reflective substrate by an appropriate optical adhesive to form a composite substrate. Bonding pads and bumps are provided at corresponding positions on the bonding surface of the un-sliced wafer and the composite substrate respectively so that the composite substrate and the un-sliced wafer can be bonded together through a reflow process.

Abstract: Augmenting surface electrodes for piezoelectric workpieces together with the method for fabrication are disclosed for improving fabrication and operation reliability of the workpieces. A piezoelectric workpiece used for energy conversion between electrical and mechanical forms in a piezoelectric system comprises a body, a number of function electrodes, and at least an augmenting surface electrode. The body of piezoelectricity is used for implementing the energy conversion. The function electrodes are each fixedly attached to the surface of the body, and are connected in the electric circuit for implementing the energy conversion. At least one of the function electrodes has a shape with a contour of at least one acute angle. At least an augmenting surface electrode has a substantially elongated shape fixedly attached to the surface of the body proximate to the acute angle.

Abstract: A sensor system of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for analyzing a characteristic of a substance and the measuring method thereof are provided. The system includes an optical device for generating a first light beam and a second light beam in sequence; a sensor device for respectively generating a first plasmon wave and a second plasmon wave in response to an optical characteristic change of the first light beam and the second light beam with respective to the substance, in which a resonance is generated from the first plasmon wave and the second plasmon wave respectively generating a first reflective signal and a second reflective signal; and a measuring device for measuring spectra of the first reflective signal and the second reflective signal and obtaining the measured value which is substituted into an operational formula to calculate a reference value used for analyzing the characteristic of the substance.

Abstract: A piezoelectric transducer apparatus comprises at least one piezoelectric unit and a body structure. Each of the at least one piezoelectric unit has a piezoelectric block and at least one pair of electrodes. Each electrode is adhered to one surface of the piezoelectric block. Each of the at least one piezoelectric unit is adhered to the surface of the body structure with the electrode exposed externally. The electrode shape of the electrode of each of the at least one piezoelectric unit is matched to a desired body strain pattern existing in the body structure wherein the electrode of each of the at least one piezoelectric unit may excite a strain pattern in the body structure that is the same as the desired body strain pattern. The body structure of any structural configuration may have a resolved electrode shape that results in the disengagement of the phase and gain characteristics of the piezoelectric construction based on that particular body structure.

Abstract: A polarization splitting backlight module for efficiently emitting polarized light beams is disclosed. The polarization splitting backlight module of the present invention comprises a light source, an under plate, a substrate, a phase retardation reflective film, a scattering structure, a thin film and an upper cover. The light beams emitted from the non-polarized light source are introduced into the substrate, and after scattering, reflection, phase retardation and polarization splitting, the light beams will pass through the upper cover being of a single polarization state so as to be utilized by electro-optical systems, such as liquid crystal displays. The present invention converts light beams into a single polarization state, and thereby the efficiency of polarization splitting, as well as the brightness, are higher than that of a conventional backlight module.

Abstract: A light beam polarization converter for converting non-polarized light beams of an illumination source having a plurality of polarization states into a single polarization state is disclosed. The light beams from the bottom converged by the lower surface of the under plate and further parallelized by the upper surface thereof enter the converter. After a series of optical processes of polarization splitting, reflection or total reflection, and phase retardation within the converter, the light beams will pass through the converter as light beams of a single polarization state.

Abstract: A method for measuring two-dimensional displacement using conjugate optics comprises the steps of emitting an incident beam onto a diffraction element to generate many firstly diffracted beams, selecting two axially symmetric beams of the same order of diffraction from the firstly diffracted beams, introducing corresponding sets of wavefront reconstruction optics to reflect the two selected beams back onto the same incident spot along the same optical paths and to generate many secondly diffracted beams, selecting two axially symmetric pairs of beams of the same order of diffraction from the secondly diffracted beams, forming two interference fringes by superposing the two selected pairs of beams via corresponding mirrors and interferometric optics, and obtaining two linearly independent displacements of the diffraction element relative to the rest of the optics by decoding the two interference fringes.