Abstract: A shadow mask for patterned vapor deposition of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) material includes a ceramic membrane under tensile stress with a plurality of through-apertures forming an aperture array through which a vaporized deposition material can pass. A multilayer peripheral support is attached to a rear surface with a hollow portion beneath the aperture array. A compressively-stressed interlayer balances the tensile stress of the ceramic membrane. A shadow mask module with multiple shadow masks is also provided and includes a rigid carrier having plural windows with a shadow mask positioned in each window. To make the module, shadow mask blanks are affixed to each carrier window followed by etching of apertures and support layers. In this way extremely flat masks with precise aperture patterns are formed.

Abstract: A corrugated shadow mask for patterned vapor deposition includes a corrugated membrane under tensile stress with a plurality of through-apertures forming an aperture array through which a vaporized deposition material can pass. The through-apertures are at the apexes of the corrugation and project from the membrane surface surrounding the through-apertures. The shadow mask is particularly suited for forming pixel arrays for OLED displays without color mixing from adjacent pixels.

Abstract: A shadow mask for patterned vapor deposition of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) material includes a ceramic membrane under tensile stress with a plurality of through-apertures forming an aperture array through which a vaporized deposition material can pass. A multilayer peripheral support is attached to a rear surface with a hollow portion beneath the aperture array. A compressively-stressed interlayer balances the tensile stress of the ceramic membrane. A shadow mask module with multiple shadow masks is also provided and includes a rigid carrier having plural windows with a shadow mask positioned in each window. To make the module, shadow mask blanks are affixed to each carrier window followed by etching of apertures and support layers. In this way extremely flat masks with precise aperture patterns are formed.

Abstract: Photovoltaic cells (e.g., p-CdTe thin film photovoltaic cells) comprising a back contact buffer layer that makes low-resistance electrical contact to the p-type semiconductor material of the cell (e.g., CdTe). The back contact buffer material comprises Cu and Te.

Abstract: A photovoltaic cell comprising a metal oxide back buffer layer. Improved n-CdS/p-CdTe heterojunction photovoltaic cells comprising a metal oxide buffer layer for making low-resistance electrical contact to the p-type CdTe layer. The back buffer layer comprises metal oxides having a high work function.

Abstract: An electroluminescent device containing a transparent electron-injecting electrode is disclosed. The electrode includes a thin nonconductive layer contacting the electroluminescent layer, a conductive transparent overcoat layer, and the thickness of the nonconductive layer being selected so that the bilayer acts as an electron injecting contact, the bilayer providing stability against atmospheric corrosion.

Abstract: An organic EL device, comprising an anode and a cathode, and at least one electron injecting and transporting layer containing fluorescent materials;the fluorescent materials contains a compound of benzazoles of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: n is an integer of from 2 to 8;Z is --O--, --NR or --S--; andR and R' are individually hydrogen; saturated aliphatic of from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, propyl, t-butyl, heptyl, and the like; aryl of from 6 to 20 carbon atoms, for example, phenyl and naphthyl, furyl, thienyl, pyridyl quinolinyl and other heterocyclic systems; or halo such as chloro, fluoro, and the like; or R and R' individually comprise the atoms necessary to complete a fused aromatic ring;B is a linkage unit which is able to conjugately, or unconjugately connect multiple benzazoles.

Abstract: A method of forming a multicolor organic electroluminescent display panel is disclosed. The method uses a close-spaced deposition technique to form a separately colored organic electroluminescent medium on a substrate by transferring, patternwise, the organic electroluminescent medium from a donor sheet to the substrate.

Abstract: An electroluminescent device includes an anode, a positive-hole transporting layer made of an organic compound, a fluorescent emitting layer made of an organic compound, a cathode. The fluorescent emitting layer includes a red light emitting material uniformly dispersed in a host emitting material. The host emitting material being adapted to emit in the blue green regions so that the light produced by this device is substantially white.

Abstract: A flat panel display comprising thin-film-transistor-electroluminescent (TFT-EL) pixels is described. An addressing scheme incorporating two TFTs and a storage capacitor is used to enable the EL pixels on the panel to operate at a duty factor close to 100%. This TFT-EL device eliminates the need to pattern the EL cathode, thus greatly simplifying the procedure to delineate the EL pixels as well as ensuring high resolution. The TFT-EL panel consumes less power than conventional TFT-LCD panels, especially when the usage factor of the screen is less than unity.

Abstract: An electrode in contact with a n-type semiconductor for use in an electronic or optoelectronic device is disclosed. The electrode includes a non-conducting layer contacting the semiconductor; a conductive layer contacting the non-conducting layer, and the materials and the thickness of the non-conducting layer being selected so that the bilayer forms a low-resistance contact to the semiconductor, the bilayer providing stability against atmospheric corrosion.

Abstract: An organic EL device, comprising an anode and a cathode, and at least one organic luminescent medium containing a compound of benzazoles of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: n is an integer of from 3 to 8;Z is O, NR or S; andR and R' are individually hydrogen; alkyl of from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, propyl, t-butyl, heptyl, and the like; aryl or hetero-atom substituted aryl of from 5 to 20 carbon atoms for example, phenyl and naphthyl, furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, quinolinyl and other heterocyclic systems; or halo such as chloro, fluoro; or atoms necessary to complete a fused aromatic ring;B is a linkage unit consisting of alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl, or subsituted aryl which conjugately or unconjugately connects the multiple benzazoles together.