Abstract: A lateral flow test device includes a test chamber having a detection aperture. The lateral flow test device also includes an optical detector configured to receive light from an assay test strip through the detection aperture when the assay test strip is provided in the test chamber. The test chamber is configured for manual feed of at least a portion of the assay test strip passed the detection aperture. The optical detector is configured to detect one or more tracking features associated with the assay test strip so as to determine when at least a test line on the assay test strip is detectable through the detection aperture.

Abstract: A communication method and apparatus are provided. The method includes: A terminal device sends first data to a network device through a first cell group in an activated state. The terminal device receives a first message from the network device, where the first message is used to deactivate the first cell group. The terminal device changes a state of the first cell group from the activated state to a deactivated state based on the first message of the network device. If the terminal device receives no success acknowledgment of the first data and/or there is second data that has not been transmitted in the first cell group, the terminal device retransmits the first data and/or sends the second data to the network device through a second cell group in an activated state.

Abstract: This application provides a communication processing method for data transmission. A terminal-side device may adjust transmission of an uplink data burst in time based on time of arriving at an access stratum of the terminal-side device, a maximum peak rate, and a maximum data burst volume that are indicated by a network. This helps adapt to a network resource and improve a network load balancing capability.

Abstract: This application provides a mobility management method and a communication apparatus. The method includes: A first DU receives a first measurement result reported by a terminal device, determines, based on the first measurement result, target beam information for the terminal device to perform mobility management and/or a target cell corresponding to the target beam information, notifies a CU of the target beam information and/or the target cell, and requests, through the CU, a second DU to confirm whether to accept the target beam information and/or the target cell. The first measurement result includes measurement results corresponding to a current serving cell of the terminal device and at least one non-serving cell of the terminal device.

Abstract: A mobility management method and a communication apparatus are provided. The method includes: A terminal device measures a downlink reference signal of a first cell and a downlink reference signal of a second cell, and reports an obtained first measurement result to an access network device. The access network device sends, based on the first measurement result, at least one piece of beam information to the terminal device. The terminal device performs mobility management based on the at least one piece of beam information. The at least one piece of beam information includes beam information of the first cell and/or the second cell, the first cell is a cell serving the terminal device, the second cell is a cell other than the first cell, and the access network device is an access network device to which the first cell or the second cell belongs.

Abstract: In a communication method, a terminal may send first information to a network device on a first carrier, to trigger measurement on at least one second carrier or at least one beam of at least one second carrier. Subsequently, the terminal may send or receive a reference signal on the at least one second carrier or the at least one beam.

Abstract: A beam failure recovery BFR method and an apparatus are provided. The method includes: A terminal receives indication information of a first threshold and a second threshold, where the second threshold is used to determine that a beam failure occurs on an access network device. The terminal collects statistics on quantities of beam failure instance times of one or more access network devices that communicate with the terminal based on beams in a cell; and performs beam recovery on an access network device whose quantity of beam failure instance times is greater than or equal to the first threshold and less than the second threshold. The method and the apparatus in this application can further reduce a possibility of the beam failure, improve network reliability, and avoid beam failures on a plurality of devices in the cell at the same time.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a cell access method and a device, to provide a network slice service area identifier and network slice configuration information for a terminal device, so that the terminal device accesses a target cell. The method in the embodiments of this application includes: obtaining, by a terminal device, a network slice service area identifier from a serving access network device corresponding to a serving cell in which the terminal device is located, where the network slice service area identifier is used to indicate an area served by a network slice; determining, by the terminal device, a target cell based on network slice configuration information and the network slice service area identifier, where the network slice configuration information includes a correspondence among a network slice, an area, and a service; and accessing, by the terminal device, the target cell.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a communication method, apparatus, a terminal, a network device, and a storage medium. After the terminal receives, from the network device, indication information used to indicate the terminal to report traffic pattern information of a first logical channel, a first PDU session, a first application, a first radio bearer, or a first QoS flow, the terminal reports the traffic pattern information of the first logical channel, the first PDU session, the first application, the first radio bearer, or the first QoS flow based on the indication information. In this manner, the terminal reports, based on the indication, the traffic pattern information of only the logical channel, the PDU session, the service, the radio bearer, or the QoS flow that is indicated by the network device.

Abstract: A data integrity protection method and apparatus in a network environment are described. A terminal device obtains an integrity protection algorithm and a key corresponding to a session or a flow, and a DRB corresponding to the session. The terminal device performs, by using the integrity protection algorithm and the key corresponding to the session, integrity protection on data of the DRB corresponding to the session or the flow, where one session includes a plurality of flows. Different integrity protection algorithms and keys can be used for different sessions, and different integrity protection algorithms and keys can also be used for different flows. In this way, integrity protection is more flexible and meets security requirements of a same user for different services.

Abstract: A communications method and apparatus are provided. The method includes: A first access network device sends a first message to a core network device, where the first message is used to indicate to suspend one or both of a first PDU session and a second PDU session. The first PDU session and the second PDU session are PDU sessions that are established as requested by a same terminal, and are used to transmit a duplicated data packet. According to the method, when a condition for implementing reliable transmission is not met, the core network device can be indicated to suspend the PDU session. In this way, a PDU session does not need to be re-established, and signaling overheads for establishing the PDU session are saved.

Abstract: An Ethernet header compression method and apparatus and an Ethernet header decompression method and apparatus. After receiving an Ethernet frame including a first to-be-compressed field, a compression end compresses an Ethernet header of the Ethernet frame based on a first correspondence including first compression information and a value of the first to-be-compressed field and the first compression information. Correspondingly, a decompression end decompresses an Ethernet header of a compressed Ethernet frame based on the first correspondence when receiving the compressed Ethernet frame. In the embodiments of this application, because the Ethernet header of the Ethernet frame is compressed, communication resources is saved.

Abstract: A reference time determining method and apparatus are provided, to prevent aberrations in a control instruction execution time caused by inconsistency between a reference time of a terminal and a reference time of a control device in the conventional technology. In this application, the terminal may receive a plurality of pieces of time reference information sent by the network device. When the terminal receives indication information from the network device, the terminal may select, based on the indication information, one piece of time reference information from the plurality of pieces of time reference information as first time reference information. The indication information indicates the first time reference information. After determining the first time reference information, the terminal may determine the reference time of the terminal based on the first time reference information.

Abstract: Various embodiments provides a data transmission method and an apparatus. In those embodiments, at least two frequency domain resources are configured for transmission of a connection resumption request, a connection establishment request, or a connection reestablishment request, and the connection resumption request, the connection establishment request, or the connection reestablishment request is sent by using the at least two frequency domain resources.

Abstract: This application provides a data transmission method and apparatus, and a system, to reduce outdated information sent by a terminal to a network device, thereby reducing improper scheduling decisions made by the network device. The method includes: sending a first data packet to a network device, and storing the first data packet; receiving a first uplink grant from the network device, and skipping using the first uplink grant to perform uplink transmission; receiving a second uplink grant from the network device, where the second uplink grant is a grant for retransmission and generated due to a failure of transmission on the first uplink grant; and ignoring the second uplink grant, or transmitting a second data packet to the network device based on the second uplink grant.

Abstract: A communication method and apparatus. The method may be applied to a 4G system, a 5G system, and/or a future communication system such as a 6G system. The method includes: a splitting protocol layer entity of a terminal device configures a first sequence number SN of a splitting protocol layer in a first splitting protocol layer data packet, and configures a second SN of the splitting protocol layer in a second splitting protocol layer data packet. The splitting protocol layer entity of the terminal device sends the first splitting protocol layer data packet to a first protocol layer entity corresponding to a first access network device, and sends the second splitting protocol layer data packet to a first protocol layer entity corresponding to a second access network device.

Abstract: This application discloses a cell camping method and an apparatus. The method includes: After a terminal device camps on a first cell, a network device may send a first message to the terminal device, where the first message includes information about a second cell, the first cell corresponds to a first CC, and the second cell corresponds to a second CC; after receiving the first message, the terminal device sends a second message to the network device, where the second message may indicate the first cell and/or the second cell, or the second message may include measurement information of the first cell and/or the second cell; and the network device may determine, based on the second message, that the terminal device camps on the first cell or the second cell. This ensures network load balancing between different cells.

Abstract: A method includes receiving cell reselection information from a radio access network device. The cell reselection information includes an identifier of at least one carrier frequency, an identifier of a network slice supported by each of the at least one carrier frequency, and priority information corresponding to the identifier of the network slice that is information of a specific service type of the network slice or a network slice set identifier corresponding to the network slice. The method further includes in response to the terminal device performing cell reselection, selecting a cell on a carrier frequency of the network slice supported by the terminal device as a reselected to-be-camped cell based on the identifier of the at least one carrier frequency, the identifier of the network slice supported by each of the at least one carrier frequency, and priority information corresponding to the identifier of the network slice.

Abstract: This application provides a method for configuring assistance information and a communications apparatus. A first network device sends a path switch request message to an access and mobility management function (AMF), where the path switch request message is used to request for switching least one radio bearer (RB) of a terminal device from a second network device to the first network device. The first network device receives a path switch request response message from the AMF. The first network device determines, based on the path switch request response message, first burst arrival time at which a downlink quality of service QoS flow arrives at an ingress of the first network device within a first periodicity, where the first burst arrival time is used for downlink scheduling.

Abstract: A network slice selection method is provided, so that in a scenario in which one terminal device subscribes to a plurality of network slices, a network device can select a network slice for the terminal device. The method includes: a terminal device sends a first message to a network device, wherein the first message is used to request to select a network slice for the terminal device. Then the terminal device receives a second message sent by the network device, wherein the second message is used to indicate a network slice selected by the network device for the terminal device.