Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a compound of the formula (I), in which R is H or C1-C6 alkyl, by reaction of at least one compound of the formula (II) in which R has the same definition as in the formula (I) and in which R1 is H, C1-C12 alkyl or C3-C12 cycloalkyl, with a compound of the formula (III) in which R2 is H or C(O)R3, in which R3 is H or C1-C12 alkyl, in the presence of at least one enzyme suitable for transesterification.

Abstract: A process for preparing heonone (meth)acrylate by transesterification of alkyl (meth)acrylate with heonone.

Abstract: A process for preparing isosorbide ethoxylate di(meth)acrylate by transesterifying alkyl (meth)acrylate with isosorbide ethoxylate, comprising the steps of: (i) ethoxylating isosorbide to give isosorbide ethoxylate, (ii) reacting alkyl (meth)acrylate with isosorbide ethoxylate in the presence of potassium phosphate as catalyst and a stabilizer and in the presence of an azeotroping agent which forms an azeotrope with the alcohol bound in the alkyl (meth)acrylate, (iii) continuously distilling off the azeotrope of azeotroping agent and alcohol, wherein steps (ii) and (iii) are conducted simultaneously until the isosorbide ethoxylate has been essentially fully converted, (iv) removing the catalyst from the product mixture comprising isosorbide ethoxylate di(meth)acrylate, (v) distilling unconverted alkyl (meth)acrylate and azeotroping agent out of the product mixture.

Abstract: A process for preparing isosorbide di(meth)acrylate by transesterifying alkyl (meth)acrylate with isosorbide, comprising the steps of: (i) reacting alkyl (meth)acrylate with isosorbide in the presence of a catalyst comprising titanium(IV) or zirconium(IV) and a stabilizer in the presence of an azeotroping agent which forms an azeotrope with the alcohol bound in the alkyl (meth)acrylate, (ii) continuously distilling off the azeotrope of azeotroping agent and alcohol, wherein steps (i) and (ii) are conducted simultaneously until the isosorbide has been essentially fully converted, (iii) adding water to the product mixture which comprises isosorbide (meth)acrylate and is obtained in steps (i) and (ii) and removing the hydrolyzate of the catalyst comprising titanium(IV) or zirconium(IV), (iv) distilling unconverted alkyl (meth)acrylate and azeotroping agent out of the product mixture, (v) distilling off water from the product mixture, wherein step (iv) can also be conducted before step (iii) and steps (iv) an

Abstract: A process for preparing isosorbide ethoxylate di(meth)acrylate by transesterifying alkyl (meth)acrylate with isosorbide ethoxylate, comprising the steps of: (i) ethoxylating isosorbide to give isosorbide ethoxylate, (ii) reacting alkyl (meth)acrylate with isosorbide ethoxylate in the presence of potassium phosphate as catalyst and a stabilizer and in the presence of an azeotroping agent which forms an azeotrope with the alcohol bound in the alkyl (meth)acrylate, (iii) continuously distilling off the azeotrope of azeotroping agent and alcohol, wherein steps (ii) and (iii) are conducted simultaneously until the isosorbide ethoxylate has been essentially fully converted, (iv) removing the catalyst from the product mixture comprising isosorbide ethoxylate di(meth)acrylate, (v) distilling unconverted alkyl (meth)acrylate and azeotroping agent out of the product mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a compound of the formula (I), in which R is H or C1-C6 alkyl, by reaction of at least one compound of the formula (II) in which R has the same definition as in the formula (I) and in which R1 is H, C1-C12 alkyl or C3-C12 cycloalkyl, with a compound of the formula (III) in which R2 is H or C(O)R3, in which R3 is H or C1-C12 alkyl, in the presence of at least one enzyme suitable for transesterification.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing heonone (meth)acrylate by transesterification of alkyl (meth)acrylate with heonone, which comprises the steps: (i) reaction of alkyl (meth)acrylate with heonone in the presence of a catalyst comprising titanium(IV) or zirconium(IV) and a stabilizer in the presence of an entrainer which forms an azeotrope with the alcohol bound in the alkyl (meth)acrylate, (ii) continuous removal by distillation of the azeotrope of entrainer and alcohol, with steps (i) and (ii) being carried out simultaneously until heonone has been essentially completely reacted, (iii) addition of water to the product mixture comprising heonone (meth)acrylate obtained in steps (i) and (ii) and removal of the hydrolyzate of the catalyst comprising titanium(IV) or zirconium(IV) by filtration, (iv) distillation of unreacted alkyl (meth)acrylate and entrainer from the product mixture, (v) distillation of water from the product mixture, with step (iv) also being able to be carried out before ste

Abstract: The present invention relates to a phosphorus containing alcohol, obtainable or obtained by a process comprising the reaction of at least one alcohol with a phosphorus containing compound of the general formula (I) as defined herein, as well as the process for preparing a phosphorus containing alcohol, comprising the reaction of at least one alcohol with a phosphorus containing compound of the general formula (I). Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of a phosphorus containing alcohol as disclosed herein as a flame retardant, to a process for the preparation of a polyurethane and the polyurethane as such.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing a C8-C22 alkyl (meth)acrylate by transesterification of C1-C2 alkyl (meth)acrylate with a C8-C22 alkanol, said method comprising the steps of (i) reacting C1-C2 alkyl (meth)acrylate with the C8-C22 alkanol in the presence of a particulate potassium phosphate heterogeneous catalyst and a stabilizer thus releasing C1-C2 alkanol, (ii) continuously distilling off the azeotrope of C1-C2 alkyl (meth)acrylate and the C1-C2 alkanol, wherein steps (i) and (ii) are carried out simultaneously until substantially all of the C8-C22 alkanol has reacted, (iii) distilling off unconverted C1-C2 alkyl (meth)acrylate, (iv) washing the C8-C22 alkyl (meth)acrylate-comprising product mixture obtained in steps (i) through (iii) with an aqueous phase to separate off the catalyst and the stabilizer from the product mixture with the aqueous phase and optionally adding a stabilizer, (v) distilling off water from the product mixture, wherein step (iii) may also be effected after step (iv) a

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a C8-C24 alkyl(meth)acrylate by transesterification of methyl(meth)acrylate with a C8-C24 alkanol, said process comprising the steps of: (i) reacting methyl(meth)acrylate with the C8-C24 alkanol in the presence of a tin-comprising catalyst and a stabilizer in the presence of an entraining agent which forms an azeotrope with methanol, (ii) continuously distilling off the azeotrope of entraining agent and methanol wherein steps (i) and (ii) are carried out simultaneously until the C8-C24 alkanol has been substantially completely reacted, (iii) washing with an aqueous alkaline washing solution the C8-C24 alkyl (meth)acrylate-comprising product mixture obtained in steps (i) and (ii) to remove from the product mixture the tin-comprising catalyst and at least some of the stabilizer, (iv) distilling off unconverted methyl(meth)acrylate and entraining agent from the product mixture, (v) distilling off water from the product mixture wherein a product having a by-product

Abstract: The present invention relates to a phosphorus containing polyol, obtainable or obtained by a process comprising the reaction of at least one polyol with a phosphorus containing compound of the general formula (I) as defined herein, as well as the process for preparing a phosphorus containing polyol, comprising the reaction of at least one polyol with a phosphorus containing compound of the general formula (I). Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of a phosphorus containing polyol as disclosed herein as a flame retardant, to a process for the preparation of a polyurethane and the polyurethane as such.

Abstract: Use of a phosphorus compound of the formula (I) as flame retardant, where the definitions of the symbols in the formula (I) are as follows: A is one of the following groups: Y is —P(?X2)SR3R4, H, a straight-chain or branched C1-C12-alkyl group, C5-C6-cycloalkyl, C6-C12-aryl, or benzyl, where the four last-mentioned groups are unsubstituted or have substitution by one or more radicals from the group of C1-C4-alkyl or C1-C4-alkenyl; R1, R2, R3, and R4 are identical or different and are hydrogen, OH, C1-C16-alkyl, C1-C16-alkenyl, C1-C16-alkoxy, C1-C16-alkenoxy, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkoxy, C6-C10-aryl, C6-C10-aryloxy, C6-C10-aryl-C1-C16-alkyl, C6-C10-aryl-C1-C16-alkoxy, SR9 COR10, COOR11, CONR12R13 or two radicals R1, R2, R3, or R4 form, together with the phosphorus atom to which they are bonded, or the P—O-A-O—P group, a ring system; R5, R6, R7, and R8 are identical or different and are H, C1-C16-alkyl, C1-C16-alkenyl, C1-C16-alkoxy, C1-C16-alkenoxy; R9, R10, R11, R12, R13 are identical or

Abstract: A flame retardant comprising a) at least one sulfur compound of the formula (I) A1-(Z1)m—(S)n—(Z2)p-A2??(I) where the definitions of the symbols and indices are as follows: A1 and A2 are identical or different, being C6-C12-aryl, cyclohexyl, Si(ORa)3, a saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic, mono- or bicyclic ring having from 3 to 12 ring members and comprising one or more heteroatoms from the group of N, O, and S, where the system is unsubstituted or has substitution by one or more substituents of the group of O, OH, S, SH, COORb, CONRcRd, C1-C18-alkyl, C1-C18-alkoxy, C1-C18-thioalkyl, C6-C12-aryl, C6-C12-aryloxy, C2-C18-alkenyl, C2-C18-alkenoxy, C2-C18-alkynyl, and C2-C18-alkinoxy; Z1 and Z2 are identical or different, being —CO— or —CS—; Ra is C1-C18-alkyl; Rb, Rc, and Rd are identical or different, being H, C1-C18-alkyl, C6-C12-aryl, or an aromatic, mono- or bicyclic ring having from 3 to 12 ring members and comprising one or more heteroatoms from the group of N, O, and S; m and p are identic

Abstract: The invention is directed to a phosphine compound represented by general formula (1) wherein R? and R? independently are selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl and 2-furyl radicals, or R? and R? are joined together to form with the phosphorous atom a carbon-phosphorous monocycle comprising at least 3 carbon atoms or a carbon-phosphorous bicycle; the alkyl radicals, cycloalkyl radicals, and carbon-phosphorous monocycle being unsubstituted or substituted by at least one radical selected from the group of alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkoxy, and aryloxy radicals; Cps is a partially substituted or completely substituted cyclopentadien-1-yl group, including substitutions resulting in a fused ring system, and wherein a substitution at the 1-position of the cyclopentadien-1-yl group is mandatory when the cyclopentadien-1-yl group is not part of a fused ring system or is part of an indenyl group. Also claimed is the use of these phosphines as ligands in catalytic reactions and the preparation of these phosphines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polysulfide polyols, their production and use.

Abstract: The use of at least one diphosphine of formula (I), wherein X is S or O; n is 0 or 1; R1, R2, R3, R4 are independently C1-C10-alkyl, C1-C10-hydroxyalkyl, C1-C10-alkoxy, C1-C10-hydroxyalkoxy, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkoxy, C6-C10-aryl, C6-C10-aryloxy, C6-C10-aryl-C1-C4-alkyl, C6-C10-aryl-C1-C4-alkoxy, C6-C10-hydroxy-aryl, C6-C10-hydroxy-aryloxy, C1-C10-thioalkyl, C6-C10-thioaryl or C1-C4-thioalkyl-C6-C10-aryl, NR5R6, COR2, COOR5 or CONR5R6; R5, R6 are H, C1-C10-alkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C6-C10-aryl or C6-C10-aryl-C1-C4-alkyl; as a flame retardant in a polyurethane material is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymer foam with density in the range from 5 to 120 kg/m3 composed of a polymer component including at least one styrene polymer and from 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of a flame retardant mixture including at least one phosphorus compound of the formula PR1R2R3. A process for producing the polymer is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a phosphine compound represented by general formula (1) wherein R? and R? independently are selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl and 2-furyl radicals, or R? and R? are joined together to form with the phosphorous atom a carbon-phosphorous monocycle comprising at least 3 carbon atoms or a carbon-phosphorous bicycle; the alkyl radicals, cycloalkyl radicals, and carbon-phosphorous monocycle being unsubstituted or substituted by at least one radical selected from the group of alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkoxy, and aryloxy radicals; Cps is a partially substituted or completely substituted cyclopentadien-1-yl group, including substitutions resulting in a fused ring system, and wherein a substitution at the 1-position of the cyclopentadien-1-yl group is mandatory when the cyclopentadien-1-yl group is not part of a fused ring system or is part of an indenyl group. Also claimed is the use of these phosphines as ligands in catalytic reactions and the preparation of these phosphines.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are phosphine compounds represented by the general formula (4): and corresponding phosphonium salts represented by the general formula (4a): Also disclosed are processes for the preparation of these phosphines and phosphonium salts as well as their use as ligands in catalytic reactions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polymer composition containing i) styrene polymer(s) and ii) phosphorylated polyether(s) with from 0.5 to 40% by weight phosphorus content, the main chain of which is formed exclusively from carbon atoms and from oxygen atoms, and which has at least three terminal and/or pendant OH groups, where these have been substituted with where ˜ indicates the bond to the polymer skeleton of the polyether; Y is O or S; t is 0 or 1; R1 and R2, being identical or different, are H, C1-C18-alkyl, C2-C18-alkenyl, C2-C18-alkynyl, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C6-C10-aryl, furyl, C6-C10-aryl-C1-C10-alkyl, OR3, SR3, NR3R4, COR3, COOR3 or CONR3R4, or R1 and R2 form, together with the phosphorus atom P, a 4-8-membered ring system; R3 and R4, being identical or different, are H, C1-C16-alkyl, C2-C16-alkenyl, C3C16-alkynyl, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C6-C10-aryl or C6-C10-aryl-C1-C10-alkyl, and/or polycarbonates containing phosphorus-containing group(s) of the general formula (I).