Abstract: A computing device, in particular, for a control unit of a motor vehicle. The computing device is configured to receive messages from at least one external unit. The computing device is configured to store the received messages at least temporarily and to transmit a plurality of the received messages to a cryptographic module, which is configured to execute a check of the transmitted messages.

Abstract: A carrier for adsorption a compound, comprising a support; and a shrink-fitted monolithic body attached to and surrounding at least a portion of the support. The monolithic body can be porous and configured to bind compounds in a solution either for the isolation or depletion of the compounds from the solution.

Abstract: Systems and methods for inhibiting translocation of ions across ion exchange barriers include an eluent generator having an ion source reservoir with a first electrode, an eluent generation chamber with a second electrode, an ion exchange barrier disposed therebetween, and means for reversing the polarity of a voltage or current applied across the first and second electrodes. A first polarity voltage or current applied across the electrodes generates an electric field that promotes translocation of eluent counter ions from the reservoir across the barrier, where the counter ions combine with eluent ions electrolytically generated in the chamber. By reversing the polarity of the voltage or current across the electrodes, the resulting electric field inhibits translocation of counter ions across the barrier from the reservoir into the chamber. Reverse voltage or current bias reduces counter ion concentration in the resting chamber to prevent exhaustion of ion suppressor capacity during start up.

Abstract: An ion exchange chromatography column contains an ion exchange stationary phase that includes a charged substrate, a plurality of first particles, and a plurality of second particles. The plurality of first particles each include first ion exchange groups and the first particles are ionically bound to the charged substrate. The plurality of second particles each include second ion exchange groups and the second particles are ionically bound to the charged substrate. The first particles having a first ion exchange group density, and the second particles having a second ion exchange group density. The first ion exchange group density is greater than the second ion exchange group density. The ion exchange chromatography column has a number of zones connected in series where each zone can have a varying level of first ion exchange groups and second ion exchange group from the inlet zone to the outlet zone.

Abstract: An ion exchange resin for use as a stationary phase in an ion chromatography column. The ion exchange resin has a negatively charged substrate particle, a positively charged polymer layer bound to the negatively charged substrate particle, a linker, and an ion exchange group. The ion exchange group includes a sulfonamide group and an amine, in which the ion exchange group is coupled to the positively charged polymer layer via the linker. When the sulfonamide is in a neutral form, a positively charged amine group provides retention: while when the sulfonamide is in an anionic form, the sulfonamide anion becomes a counter ion to the positively charged amine group, forming a zwitterion that reduces retention at that site. Accordingly, the retention time is able to be controlled by adjusting the mobile phase pH.

Abstract: Systems and methods for inhibiting translocation of ions across ion exchange barriers include an eluent generator having an ion source reservoir with a first electrode, an eluent generation chamber with a second electrode, an ion exchange barrier disposed therebetween, and means for reversing the polarity of a voltage or current applied across the first and second electrodes. A first polarity voltage or current applied across the electrodes generates an electric field that promotes translocation of eluent counter ions from the reservoir across the barrier, where the counter ions combine with eluent ions electrolytically generated in the chamber. By reversing the polarity of the voltage or current across the electrodes, the resulting electric field inhibits translocation of counter ions across the barrier from the reservoir into the chamber. Reverse voltage or current bias reduces counter ion concentration in the resting chamber to prevent exhaustion of ion suppressor capacity during start up.

Abstract: An electrolytic eluent generator includes an electrolyte reservoir, an eluent generation chamber, and an ion exchange membrane stack. The electrolyte reservoir includes a chamber containing an aqueous electrolyte solution including an electrolyte and a surfactant; and a first electrode. The eluent generation chamber including a second electrode. The ion exchange connector includes an ion exchange membrane stack, and a compression block.

Abstract: A vial cap for removing a matrix component from a liquid sample is described. The vial cap includes a cap body, an inlet portion, and an outlet portion. The cap body is configured to have a slidable gas and liquid seal with a side wall of a sample vial. The inlet portion includes a counterbore section that holds a filter plug. The filter plug includes a polyethylene resin and a material selected from the group consisting of an ion exchange material and a reversed-phase material. The vial cap is adapted for solid phase extraction for use in an autosampler with a plurality of sample vials.

Abstract: An anion exchange for separating a plurality of carbohydrates includes a negatively charged substrate particle. A base polymer layer includes a first plurality of quaternary amines. The polyalkylpolyamine polymer layer is covalently attached to the base condensation polymer layer. The polyalkylpolyamine polymer layer includes a polymeric branch structure that includes a second plurality of quaternary amines. A density of the second plurality of quaternary amines increases in a direction away from the base condensation polymer layer. The anion exchange stationary phase does not have a hydroxy group spaced apart from any one of the first or the second plurality of quaternary amines by an ethyl group.

Abstract: A plurality of chromatograms is run using a salt gradient with a range of constant pH values or using a pH gradient with a range of constant salt concentrations. A chromatography optimization algorithm can be used to identify at least one salt gradient chromatogram or at least one pH gradient chromatogram to establish optimized buffer conditions. The chromatography optimization algorithm can include a total number of peaks algorithm, a peak-to-valley algorithm, and/or a peak capacity algorithm.

Abstract: An ion exchange chromatography column contains an ion exchange stationary phase that includes a charged substrate, a plurality of first particles, and a plurality of second particles. The plurality of first particles each include first ion exchange groups and the first particles are ionically bound to the charged substrate. The plurality of second particles each include second ion exchange groups and the second particles are ionically bound to the charged substrate. The first particles having a first ion exchange group density, and the second particles having a second ion exchange group density. The first ion exchange group density is greater than the second ion exchange group density. The ion exchange chromatography column has a number of zones connected in series where each zone can have a varying level of first ion exchange groups and second ion exchange group from the inlet zone to the outlet zone.

Abstract: A vial cap for removing a matrix component from a liquid sample is described. The vial cap includes a cap body, an inlet portion, and an outlet portion. The cap body is configured to have a slidable gas and liquid seal with a side wall of a sample vial. The inlet portion includes a counterbore section that holds a filter plug. The filter plug includes a polyethylene resin and a material selected from the group consisting of an ion exchange material and a reversed-phase material. The vial cap is adapted for solid phase extraction for use in an autosampler with a plurality of sample vials.

Abstract: Open tubular capillary columns for liquid and ion chromatography, based upon an ionically impermeable polyolefin capillary having a bore with a sulfonate-group- or amine-group-functionalized internal surface. The capillary columns may include a coating of ion exchanging nanoparticles electrostatically bound to the functionalized internal surface. The capillary columns may be made by exposing the interior surface to a sulfonating reagent comprising chlorosulfonic acid (CISO3H), preferably from 85 wt % to 95 wt % chlorosulfonic acid at a process temperature of 20 to 25° C. The interior surface may be subsequently exposed to an asymmetrical diamine to form a sulfonic mid-linkage to the diamine, i.e., to form a sulfonamide-linked, amine-group-functionalized internal surface. The coating may be provided by subsequently exposing the interior surface to an aqueous suspension of ion exchanging nanoparticles to electrostatically bond the ion exchanging nanoparticles to the functionalized internal surface.

Abstract: A plurality of chromatograms is run using a salt gradient with a range of constant pH values or using a pH gradient with a range of constant salt concentrations. A chromatography optimization algorithm can be used to identify at least one salt gradient chromatogram or at least one pH gradient chromatogram to establish optimized buffer conditions. The chromatography optimization algorithm can include a total number of peaks algorithm, a peak-to-valley algorithm, and/or a peak capacity algorithm.

Abstract: A method of calibrating, a chromatography system is described. The method includes injecting a standard into a chromatographic separator. The standard including a first analyte having a first calibrant concentration and a second analyte having a second calibrant concentration. The standard can be separated in the chromatographic separator and measured with a detector. The method automatically identifies whether the first peak corresponds to the first analyte or the second analyte and whether the second peak corresponds to the first analyte or the second analyte, based on either an area or a peak height of the first peak and the second peak, and a ratio based on the first calibrant concentration and the second calibrant concentration.

Abstract: An anion exchange stationary phase comprises substrate particles, a based condensation polymer layer attached to the substrate particles, one or more alkylamine condensation polymer layers covalently attached to base condensation polymer layer, and a terminating condensation layer covalently attached to the alkylamine condensation polymer layer. They layers are formed from amines and polyethylene oxide where the hydroxyl groups are spaced from the amines by two carbon atoms.

Abstract: A technique is provided for detecting decoupling of a first connector part, connected to a first device, of an electrical plug connector from a second connector part, connected to a second device, of the electrical plug connector. A corresponding method, a corresponding apparatus, a corresponding electrical plug connector as well as the first connector part and the second connector part of the plug connector, a corresponding device and a computer program product are stated.

Abstract: An anion exchange stationary phase includes a negatively charged substrate particle, a base condensation polymer layer, a crosslinked ethanolamine condensation polymer, and a glycidol condensation layer. The crosslinked ethanolamine condensation polymer layer can be covalently attached to the base condensation polymer layer. The crosslinked ethanolamine condensation polymer layer can be formed by a condensation reaction product of a polyepoxide compound and ethanolamine. The glycidol condensation layer can be formed by the treatment of glycidol. The anion exchange stationary phase are suitable for separating a variety of haloacetic acids and common inorganic anions in a single chromatographic run in less than 20 to 30 minutes.

Abstract: An anion exchange stationary phase includes a negatively charged substrate particle, a base condensation polymer layer, a crosslinked ethanolamine condensation polymer, and a glycidol condensation layer. The crosslinked ethanolamine condensation polymer layer can be covalently attached to the base condensation polymer layer. The crosslinked ethanolamine condensation polymer layer can be formed by a condensation reaction product of a polyepoxide compound and ethanolamine. The glycidol condensation layer can be formed by the treatment of glycidol. The anion exchange stationary phase are suitable for separating a variety of haloacetic acids and common inorganic anions in a single chromatographic run in less than 20 to 35 minutes.

Abstract: An ion exchange chromatographic packing material is described that includes support resin particles and a copolymer grafted to the support resin particles. The copolymer includes polymerized functional monomers such as a first ion exchange group monomer and a second ion exchange group monomer. At a first pH, the first ion exchange group monomer is configured to have a first charge at a first pH, and the second ion exchange group monomer is configured to have a net neutral charge. At a second pH, the first ion exchange group monomer is configured to have the first charge at a second pH, and the second ion exchange group monomer is configured to have a second charge at the second pH where the first charge and second charge both have a same polarity.