Abstract: A method for producing a hologram (1), (1) for security elements (1a) and/or security documents (1b). One or more virtual hologram planes (10) are arranged in front of and/or behind one or more virtual models (20) and/or one or more virtual hologram planes (10) are arranged such that they intersect one or more virtual models (20). One or more virtual light sources (30) are arranged on one or more partial regions of the surface (21) of one or more of the virtual models (20). One or more virtual electromagnetic fields (40) are calculated starting from at least one of the virtual light sources (30) in one or more zones (11) of the one or more virtual hologram planes (10). In the one or more zones (11), in each case, a virtual total electromagnetic field (41) is calculated on the basis of the sum of two or more, of the virtual electromagnetic fields (40) in the respective zone (11). One or more phase images (50) are calculated from the virtual total electromagnetic fields (41) in the one or more zones (11).

Abstract: A method for producing a hologram (1), (1) for security elements (1a) and/or security documents (1b). One or more virtual hologram planes (10) are arranged in front of and/or behind one or more virtual models (20) and/or one or more virtual hologram planes (10) are arranged such that they intersect one or more virtual models (20). One or more virtual light sources (30) are arranged on one or more partial regions of the surface (21) of one or more of the virtual models (20). One or more virtual electromagnetic fields (40) are calculated starting from at least one of the virtual light sources (30) in one or more zones (11) of the one or more virtual hologram planes (10). In the one or more zones (11), in each case, a virtual total electromagnetic field (41) is calculated on the basis of the sum of two or more, of the virtual electromagnetic fields (40) in the respective zone (11). One or more phase images (50) are calculated from the virtual total electromagnetic fields (41) in the one or more zones (11).

Abstract: A method for authenticating a security document by means of at least one device includes: a) providing the security document having at least one first security element and at least one second security element; b) providing the at least one device, wherein the at least one device includes at least one sensor; c) capturing first items of optical information of the at least one first security element by means of the at least one sensor of the at least one device during a first illumination, wherein at least one first dataset specifying these items of information is generated therefrom; d) capturing second items of optical information of the at least one second security element by means of the at least one sensor of the at least one device during a second illumination, wherein at least one second dataset specifying these items of information is generated therefrom; e) capturing third items of optical information of the at least one second security element by means of the at least one sensor of the at least one de

Abstract: A security element with one or more first microstructures, wherein the first microstructures are provided in each case in one or more tracks which are curved at least in sections or in one or more sections of a track which are curved at least in sections, and/or in each case run along one or more tracks which are curved at least in sections or along one or more sections of a track which are curved at least in sections, and a method, wherein at least one file containing image points of one or more image elements is provided, which includes the locational arrangement of the image points, and one or more tracks which are curved at least in sections or one or more sections of one or more tracks which are curved at least in sections are determined from the locational arrangement of the image points, and in the one or more tracks or sections of tracks in each case one or more first microstructures are provided which, when illuminated, provide a first item of optically variable information.

Abstract: An optically variable element, in particular a security element and/or a decorative element, preferably for security documents, wherein the optically variable element has at least one pixel array having two or more pixels, wherein one or more pixels of the two or more pixels have one or more structures, and wherein one or more structures of the one or more structures project, diffract and/or scatter incident electromagnetic radiation at one or more solid angles. A security document, in particular comprising one or more optically variable elements, a method for producing an optically variable element, preferably a security element and/or a decorative element, preferably for security documents as well as a method for producing a security document, preferably comprising one or more layers, preferably comprising one or more optically variable elements.

Abstract: A The invention relates to a method for producing a film intermediate product (1), a film intermediate product (1), as well as a product produced hereby. The film intermediate product (1) is here formed by means of depositing one or more film elements (311 to 314), which is or are formed in each case of a cutout of one or more donor films (301 to 304).

Abstract: A security element with one or more first microstructures, wherein the first microstructures are provided in each case in one or more tracks which are curved at least in sections or in one or more sections of a track which are curved at least in sections, and/or in each case run along one or more tracks which are curved at least in sections or along one or more sections of a track which are curved at least in sections, and a method, wherein at least one file containing image points of one or more image elements is provided, which includes the locational arrangement of the image points, and one or more tracks which are curved at least in sections or one or more sections of one or more tracks which are curved at least in sections are determined from the locational arrangement of the image points, and in the one or more tracks or sections of tracks in each case one or more first microstructures are provided which, when illuminated, provide a first item of optically variable information.

Abstract: A method for producing a hologram (1), (1) for security elements (1a) and/or security documents (1b). One or more virtual hologram planes (10) are arranged in front of and/or behind one or more virtual models (20) and/or one or more virtual hologram planes (10) are arranged such that they intersect one or more virtual models (20). One or more virtual light sources (30) are arranged on one or more partial regions of the surface (21) of one or more of the virtual models (20). One or more virtual electromagnetic fields (40) are calculated starting from at least one of the virtual light sources (30) in one or more zones (11) of the one or more virtual hologram planes (10). In the one or more zones (11), in each case, a virtual total electromagnetic field (41) is calculated on the basis of the sum of two or more, of the virtual electromagnetic fields (40) in the respective zone (11). One or more phase images (50) are calculated from the virtual total electromagnetic fields (41) in the one or more zones (11).

Abstract: Laser unit, preferably for gas detection, with a semiconductor laser chip comprising an output mirror with an exit zone for a laser beam and an optical element that reduces self-mixing which is arranged at the exit zone, wherein optical element and laser chip are connected with each other with direct physical contact over an entire surface, at least in the exit zone. Said optical element is connected to the laser chip positively or by means of an optical medium. Thereby optionally a beam-shaping element may be arranged on the optical element that is connected positively or by means of an optical medium with the optical element. Preferably beam-shaping element and optical element have similar or identical refractory indices and are connected with each other and with the laser chip by adhesive agents having corresponding refractory indices.