Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate having an active surface on which semiconductor elements are provided. An interlayer insulating film is provided on the semiconductor substrate. A first via structure passes through the semiconductor substrate. The first via structure has a first diameter. A second via structure passes through the semiconductor substrate. The second via structure has a second diameter that is greater than the first diameter. The first via structure has a step portion that is in contact with the interlayer insulating film.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate having an active surface on which semiconductor elements are provided. An interlayer insulating film is provided on the semiconductor substrate. A first via structure passes through the semiconductor substrate. The first via structure has a first diameter. A second via structure passes through the semiconductor substrate. The second via structure has a second diameter that is greater than the first diameter. The first via structure has a step portion that is in contact with the interlayer insulating film.

Abstract: Disclosed are semiconductor packages and methods of fabricating the same. The semiconductor package comprises a first wiring layer, a first semiconductor substrate on the first wiring layer, a first dielectric layer on the first semiconductor substrate, a landing pad in the first wiring layer, a through hole that penetrates the first semiconductor substrate, the first dielectric layer, and the first wiring layer and exposes the landing pad, the through hole including a first hole and a second hole on a bottom end of the first hole, the second hole having a maximum diameter less than a minimum diameter of the first hole, and a mask layer on an upper lateral surface of the through hole.

Abstract: The present inventive concepts relate to an inspection apparatus that snapshots an interference image pattern having a high spatial carrier frequency produced from a one-piece off-axis polarimetric interferometer and that precisely and promptly measures a Stokes vector including spatial polarimetric information. The inspection apparatus dynamically measure in real-time a two-dimensional polarization information without employing a two-dimensional scanner.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a first data line extending from a first peripheral area into a display area, a second data line extending from a second peripheral area into the display area, a pixel electrode, a second input line disposed in the first peripheral area, and a connecting line having a first end electrically connected to the second data line in the second peripheral area and a second end electrically connected to the second input line in the first peripheral area. The connecting line passes through the display area by extending over the first data line while not contacting the first data line, and at least a portion of the connecting line and the pixel electrode include a same material.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a first data line extending from a first peripheral area into a display area, a second data line extending from a second peripheral area into the display area, a pixel electrode, a second input line disposed in the first peripheral area, and a connecting line having a first end electrically connected to the second data line in the second peripheral area and a second end electrically connected to the second input line in the first peripheral area. The connecting line passes through the display area by extending over the first data line while not contacting the first data line, and at least a portion of the connecting line and the pixel electrode include a same material.

Abstract: The present inventive concepts comprises linearly polarizing light, splitting the linearly polarized light into a first light and a second light, modulating the first light and the second light to have a phase difference to produce an output wave light, converting the output wave light to have a linear shape in a first direction to radiate the converted output wave light to a measured object, receiving a measurement light coming out of the measured object and linearly polarizing the first light and the second light of the measurement light to generate an interference light, and obtaining from the interference light an image of the measured object. The measured object can be scanned in a second direction intersecting the first direction or may be scanned rotationally about an axis in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions.

Abstract: A display device includes a pixel circuit disposed on a substrate, and a display element on the pixel circuit. The pixel circuit includes a first thin-film transistor comprising a first semiconductor layer and a first gate electrode insulated from the first semiconductor layer, a second thin-film transistor comprising a second semiconductor layer and a second gate electrode insulated from the second semiconductor layer, the second semiconductor layer being connected to the first semiconductor layer and the first gate electrode, a first shielding layer overlapping the second semiconductor layer, and a second shielding layer overlapping the second semiconductor layer and stacked on the first shielding layer.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a first data line extending from a first peripheral area into a display area, a second data line extending from a second peripheral area into the display area, a pixel electrode, a second input line disposed in the first peripheral area, and a connecting line having a first end electrically connected to the second data line in the second peripheral area and a second end electrically connected to the second input line in the first peripheral area. The connecting line passes through the display area by extending over the first data line while not contacting the first data line, and at least a portion of the connecting line and the pixel electrode include a same material.

Abstract: A display panel includes a substrate including a transmissive area, a first non-display area surrounding the transmissive area, and a display area at least partially surrounding the first non-display area; display elements in the display area and each including a pixel electrode; scan lines in the display area, at least one of which extending through the first non-display area and detouring along an edge of the transmissive area; a connection line in the first non-display area and at least partially overlapping at least one of the scan lines, and on a first layer that is a same layer as the pixel electrode; a first line on a second layer different from the first layer; and a second line on a third layer different from the first layer and at an opposite side with respect to the first line.

Abstract: A display panel including a substrate including a transmissive area, a first non-display area surrounding the transmissive area, and a display area that at least partially surrounds the first non-display area; a display element in the display area and including a pixel electrode; a plurality of scan lines extending from the display area, arranged in the first non-display area, and detouring along an edge of the transmissive area; a connection line in the first non-display area, at least partially overlapping the plurality of scan lines, and on a same layer as that of the pixel electrode; and a first line and a second line on a layer different from that of the connection line, wherein the first line and the second line are connected to the connection line through contact holes.

Abstract: A display panel includes gate lines, data lines, switching elements connected to the gate lines and the data lines, pixel electrodes connected to the switching elements and markers. The pixel electrode includes first, second third and fourth areas which are divided by a horizontal central line and a vertical central line. The first, second, third and fourth areas correspond to an upper-left portion, an upper-right portion, a lower-left portion and a lower-right portion of a central point of the pixel electrode. When the pixel electrode is disposed between first and second data lines and connected to the first data line, the marker is disposed in one of the first and third areas. When the pixel electrode is disposed between the first and second data lines and connected to the second data line, the marker is disposed in one of the second and fourth areas.

Abstract: The present inventive concepts comprises linearly polarizing light, splitting the linearly polarized light into a first light and a second light, modulating the first light and the second light to have a phase difference to produce an output wave light, converting the output wave light to have a linear shape in a first direction to radiate the converted output wave light to a measured object, receiving a measurement light coming out of the measured object and linearly polarizing the first light and the second light of the measurement light to generate an interference light, and obtaining from the interference light an image of the measured object. The measured object can be scanned in a second direction intersecting the first direction or may be scanned rotationally about an axis in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions.

Abstract: A display panel includes a gate line, a data line, a switching element, a pixel electrode, and a conductive member. The switching element includes a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode. The gate electrode is electrically connected to the gate line. The source electrode is electrically connected to the data line. The pixel electrode is electrically connected to the drain electrode, includes a bar portion, and includes a branch. The branch is oblique relative to the bar portion in a plan view of the display panel. The conductive member includes an extending portion and a maker. The marker protrudes from the extending portion in the plan view of the display panel and overlaps the branch.

Abstract: A display panel including a substrate including a transmissive area, a first non-display area surrounding the transmissive area, and a display area that at least partially surrounds the first non-display area; a display element in the display area and including a pixel electrode; a plurality of scan lines extending from the display area, arranged in the first non-display area, and detouring along an edge of the transmissive area; a connection line in the first non-display area, at least partially overlapping the plurality of scan lines, and on a same layer as that of the pixel electrode; and a first line and a second line on a layer different from that of the connection line, wherein the first line and the second line are connected to the connection line through contact holes.

Abstract: The present inventive concepts relate to an inspection apparatus that snapshots an interference image pattern having a high spatial carrier frequency produced from a one-piece off-axis polarimetric interferometer and that precisely and promptly measures a Stokes vector including spatial polarimetric information. The inspection apparatus dynamically measure in real-time a two-dimensional polarization information without employing a two-dimensional scanner.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may include a data input and output circuit (I/O) configured to selectively or simultaneously drive input and output lines according to a burst length and a location of a memory area selected by an address to allow the semiconductor device to receive or output data regardless of the burst length being changed.

Abstract: A spectroscopic device is disclosed. The spectroscopic device can include a beam collimation structure with a white light source. The beam collimation structure can also include a lens configured to generate a collimated light beam. The spectroscopic device can also include a polarization modulation structure. The polarization modulation structure can convert the collimated light beam into a common path light beam. The common path light beam can include a delayed component and a polarized component. The spectroscopic device can include a dual spectrum sensing structure. The dual spectrum sensing structure can sense a normalized spectral Stokes vector in real time speed.

Abstract: A display panel includes gate lines, data lines, switching elements connected to the gate lines and the data lines, pixel electrodes connected to the switching elements and markers. The pixel electrode includes first, second third and fourth areas which are divided by a horizontal central line and a vertical central line. The first, second, third and fourth areas correspond to an upper-left portion, an upper-right portion, a lower-left portion and a lower-right portion of a central point of the pixel electrode. When the pixel electrode is disposed between first and second data lines and connected to the first data line, the marker is disposed in one of the first and third areas. When the pixel electrode is disposed between the first and second data lines and connected to the second data line, the marker is disposed in one of the second and fourth areas.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may be provided. The semiconductor device may include a data input and output circuit (I/O) configured to selectively or simultaneously drive input and output lines according to a burst length and a location of a memory area selected by an address to allow the semiconductor device to receive or output data regardless of the burst length being changed.