Abstract: A casing for gas including a first channel section through which gas flows and a second channel section intersecting with the first channel section, the first channel section having an intersecting part that intersects with the second channel section, the intersecting part being formed to have a rounded quadrangular cross section and having a flat part, the second channel section intersecting with the first channel section to open at the flat part.

Abstract: Provided is a photomultiplier tube including: a container including a window portion formed of a light-transmitting material, and a tubular portion that is connected to the window portion and defines a vacuum space in combination with the window portion; a photoelectric surface that is formed of a photoelectron-emitting material consisting of sodium, potassium, and antimony, is provided on a first surface of the window portion on a side of the vacuum space, and emits photoelectrons in correspondence with incident light; and an electron multiplier that emits secondary electrons in correspondence with incidence of the photoelectrons emitted from the photoelectric surface, and multiplies the secondary electrons. An aluminum oxide layer is formed between the photoelectric surface and the window portion and on a surface of the tubular portion.

Abstract: An authentication system is configured to authenticate a user for entering a specific area or using a specific service provided in the specific area. One or more processors of the authentication system are configured to execute: a consent confirmation process of accepting consent from the user to one or more consent matters, which are needed in the specific area or when using the specific service; an update process of updating the consent status depending on whether or not there is the consent; and an authentication process of permitting the user to enter the specific area or to use the specific service on condition that there is the consent. The consent confirmation process includes a detection process of detecting exit of the user from the specific area, and a withdrawal confirmation process of accepting a withdrawal of the consent from the user at a time of the exit.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus for determining an evaluator to evaluate a product or service provided by one of providers from among a plurality of evaluators, the information processing apparatus comprises a controller configured to execute: training a user model, with first data about the providers and second data about the plurality of evaluators who have made evaluations of products or services provided by the providers in past as input data, and third data indicating degrees of usefulness of the evaluations made by the plurality of evaluators in the past as output data; and selecting the evaluator suitable for the one of the providers from among the plurality of evaluators by using the user model.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus comprises a controller, the controller comprising at least one processor configured to perform: acquiring position information about a first user, the user having been absent from a predetermined event at an event holding timing, which is a date and time of the predetermined event having been held; acquiring first information that is information at the event holding timing different from the position information about the first user and is information related to the first user at the event holding timing; determining whether a reason for the first user having been absent from the predetermined event is a force majeure reason or not based on the position information and the first information; and selecting the first user as a follow-up target if the absence reason is determined to be a force majeure reason.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a demonstration experiment management system for managing a demonstration experiment. The demonstration experiment management system includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry acquires information on a consent item of which a participant of the demonstration experiment consents to provide data among a request item. The request item is an item of which an executor of the demonstration experiment requests the participant to provide the data. Then, the processing circuitry calculates a contribution degree of the participant to the demonstration experiment based on at least the consent item. Then, the processing circuitry determines an incentive to be paid to the participant by the executor based on at least the contribution degree.

Abstract: Provided are a polypeptide having a glycine-glycine bond-degrading activity and an improved microbicidal activity, and a method for using the same.

Abstract: Provided is a detergent having a high detergency against corneum-derived stains and a method for evaluating the ability of an enzyme to degrade corneum-derived stains. The detergent a M23A subfamily protease as an active ingredient. The method for evaluating the ability of the enzyme to degrade corneum-derived stains comprises obtaining the degrading activities of the test enzyme on a reference peptide and one or more substrate peptides and evaluating the ability of the test enzyme to degrade corneum-derived stains based on the degrading activities of the test enzyme on the reference peptide and the substrate peptide, wherein the reference peptide is GGGGG or GGGG, the one or more substrate peptides are selected from the group consisting of GGGXG, GXGGG, GGXG, and GXGG, and X is any amino acid residue other than glycine.

Abstract: An external storage device for a control apparatus of a power conversion system to which data from a power conversion system can be written even by a program small in size. The external storage device for the control apparatus of the power conversion system includes: a plurality of file storage areas each configured to store data from the power conversion system; and a file management area configured to manage data for setting a format not using a file system applied to a terminal apparatus, as a format for storage of the data in the plurality of file storage areas.

Abstract: A secondary battery protection circuit for a secondary battery includes: a reference voltage circuit configured to generate a reference voltage by using a depletion-type transistor and a transistor unit of enhancement type connected in series with the depletion-type transistor; a voltage divider configured to output a detection voltage obtained by dividing a power source voltage of the secondary battery; a detection circuit configured to detect an abnormal state of the secondary battery based on the reference voltage and the detection voltage; a first adjustment circuit configured to adjust a size ratio of the depletion-type transistor to the transistor unit based on threshold voltages of the depletion-type transistor and the transistor unit; and a second adjustment circuit configured to adjust the detection voltage based on the reference voltage after adjusting the size ratio.

Abstract: Provided is a method for efficiently producing an M23A family protease. The method for producing an M23A family protease includes culturing bacteria of the genus Bacillus having a polynucleotide encoding a proprotein of the M23A family protease introduced thereinto to produce a mature form of the M23A family protease extracellularly from the bacteria of the genus Bacillus.

Abstract: Provided is a method for efficiently producing an M23A family protease. The method for producing an M23A family protease includes culturing bacteria of the genus Bacillus having a polynucleotide encoding a proprotein of the M23A family protease introduced thereinto to produce a mature form of the M23A family protease extracellularly from the bacteria of the genus Bacillus.

Abstract: The present invention provides a detergent having a high detergency against corneum-derived stains, a method for evaluating the ability of an enzyme or a composition comprising the enzyme to degrade corneum-derived stains. A detergent comprising an M23A subfamily protease as an active ingredient.

Abstract: A secondary battery protection circuit for a secondary battery includes: a reference voltage circuit configured to generate a reference voltage by using a depletion-type transistor and a transistor unit of enhancement type connected in series with the depletion-type transistor; a voltage divider configured to output a detection voltage obtained by dividing a power source voltage of the secondary battery; a detection circuit configured to detect an abnormal state of the secondary battery based on the reference voltage and the detection voltage; a first adjustment circuit configured to adjust a size ratio of the depletion-type transistor to the transistor unit based on threshold voltages of the depletion-type transistor and the transistor unit; and a second adjustment circuit configured to adjust the detection voltage based on the reference voltage after adjusting the size ratio.

Abstract: A double structure bag includes an inner bag including a second food storage opening, wherein the inner bag includes a first and second bent portions located in an area adjacent to the second food storage opening, and wherein the first bent portion includes first openings at both side, and the second bent portion includes second openings at both side; an outer bag in which the inner bag is stored, having a first food storage opening, wherein the outer bag includes a tunnel, which having third openings at its both ends; and two elongated zipping members, each of which placed in one of the first and second bent portions, respectively, wherein both ends of each elongated zipping member are placed outside the outer bag by passing through the tunnel and by coming out from the third openings, respectively, whereby the second food storage opening is closed by pulling the elongated zipping members from the side to side, and wherein the elongated zipping members are tied together after area where the first food storag