Abstract: Provided are a treatment apparatus for removing fluorine content from water to be treated and a method of treating water to be treated using the same. Water to be treated, containing fluorine, is introduced into a treatment tank over a first path. Slaked lime is added to the water to be treated over a second path. Calcium chloride is added to the water to be treated over a third path. Thus, the fluorine contained in the water to be treated combines with calcium forming slaked lime or calcium chloride, thus yielding calcium fluoride, which is immobilized. When a filter film immersed in the water to be treated is used for filtration, the calcium fluoride contained in the water to be treated is concentrated.

Abstract: Provided are a coagulation treatment apparatus capable of removing fine objects of removal from a fluid containing the objects of removal, and a coagulation treatment method using the apparatus. A coagulation treatment apparatus for a fluid according to the present invention includes a production device for introducing ions of metal belonging to Group 8 of the periodic table into a fluid containing objects of removal and for producing a coagulated substance in which the objects of removal and the metal ions are bonded to each other.

Abstract: An object is to provide an electrode for electrolysis which is preferable in generation of ozone water usable in cleaning and sterilizing of water and sewage, or cleaning in a semiconductor device manufacturing process by an electrolysis process, and a method of manufacturing this electrode for electrolysis. The surface of a conductive substrate constituting the electrode for electrolysis is coated with a noble metal such as platinum or a noble metal oxide to form an intermediate layer, further a surface layer is constituted of a dielectric material on the surface of the intermediate layer, and the surface layer is provided with holes.

Abstract: There is here disclosed a wastewater treating technique for treating nitrogen compounds in a for-treatment wastewater by an electrochemical technique, wherein at least portions of a pair of electrodes is immersed in the for-treatment wastewater; a material of one electrode constituting an anode is an insoluble conductor; and a material of the other electrode constituting a cathode is an element in the group VIII of the periodic table, a conductor containing the element in the group VIII, or a conductor covered with the element in the same group or the conductor containing the element in the same group.

Abstract: There is provided a method for treating for-treatment waste water containing an organic matter and a nitrogen compound, which can quickly and efficiently treat the for-treatment water containing the organic matter and the nitrogen compound and greatly reduce a power consumption amount, and which can be achieved by a relatively compact apparatus. A gist is that in treatment of the for-treatment water containing the organic matter and the nitrogen compound, the followings are carried out: an electrochemical treatment step of immersing at least a pair of electrodes at least partially in the for-treatment water to treat the nitrogen compound thereof by an electrochemical technique; and a biochemical treatment step of biochemically treating the nitrogen compound in the for-treatment water after completion of the electrochemical treatment step.

Abstract: Object of the preferred embodiment is to remove sol-form microparticles and nitrogen components contained in CMP wastewater. Sol-form microparticle components contained in CMP wastewater are removed by a filtration treatment using a filter device 13, having a gel-form second filter. Also, nitrogen components in the CMP wastewater are removed by an electrochemical treatment using electrode 12. The filtration treatment and the electrochemical treatment can be carried out in individual tanks or can be carried out in the same tank. By performing the filtration treatment and the electrochemical treatment in the same tank, a space-saving water treatment device can be provided.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a flush toilet and a deodorizing method of the flush toilet which effectively remove a source of an offensive odor in the toilet and which can decompose the odor and also clean and sterilize a toilet bowl. A flush toilet 8 is equipped with a deodorizing apparatus 1, and the deodorizing apparatus 1 comprises: an electrolytic cell fitted with at least a pair of electrodes and storing tap water; odor suction means for sucking in an odor in the toilet; odor supply means for supplying the odor sucked in by the odor suction means into the electrolytic cell, odor adsorption means capable of adsorbing and releasing the odor; and odor supply means for supplying the odor released from the odor adsorption means to the electrolytic cell.

Abstract: An object is to provide an electrode for electrolysis which is preferable in generation of ozone water usable in cleaning and sterilizing of water and sewage, or cleaning in a semiconductor device manufacturing process by an electrolysis process, and a method of manufacturing this electrode for electrolysis. The surface of a conductive substrate constituting the electrode for electrolysis is coated with a noble metal such as platinum or a noble metal oxide to form an intermediate layer, further a surface layer is constituted of a dielectric material on the surface of the intermediate layer, and the surface layer is provided with holes.

Abstract: Provided are a treatment apparatus for removing fluorine content from water to be treated and a method of treating water to be treated using the same. Water to be treated, containing fluorine, is introduced into a treatment tank over a first path. Slaked lime is added to the water to be treated over a second path. Calcium chloride is added to the water to be treated over a third path. Thus, the fluorine contained in the water to be treated combines with calcium forming slaked lime or calcium chloride, thus yielding calcium fluoride, which is immobilized. When a filter film immersed in the water to be treated is used for filtration, the calcium fluoride contained in the water to be treated is concentrated.

Abstract: Provided are a coagulation treatment apparatus capable of removing fine objects of removal from a fluid containing the objects of removal, and a coagulation treatment method using the apparatus. A coagulation treatment apparatus for a fluid according to the present invention includes a production device for introducing ions of metal belonging to Group 8 of the periodic table into a fluid containing objects of removal and for producing a coagulated substance in which the objects of removal and the metal ions are bonded to each other.

Abstract: An object is to provide an ozone production device capable of producing ozone in an electrolysis target liquid easily without performing any laborious assembly operation and with a high efficiency. In the ozone production device, a voltage is applied between an anode and a cathode, and ozone is produced in the electrolysis target liquid by electrolysis, the anode is integrated with the cathode via a predetermined interval without separating the anode from the cathode, and an electrolytic portion is constituted. Moreover, the anode and cathode comprise water-permeability members (mesh form) capable of passing the electrolysis target liquid.

Abstract: There is provided a method for treating for-treatment waste water containing an organic matter and a nitrogen compound, which can quickly and efficiently treat the for-treatment water containing the organic matter and the nitrogen compound and greatly reduce a power consumption amount, and which can be achieved by a relatively compact apparatus. A gist is that in treatment of the for-treatment water containing the organic matter and the nitrogen compound, the followings are carried out: an electrochemical treatment step of immersing at least a pair of electrodes at least partially in the for-treatment water to treat the nitrogen compound thereof by an electrochemical technique; and a biochemical treatment step of biochemically treating the nitrogen compound in the for-treatment water after completion of the electrochemical treatment step.

Abstract: There is here disclosed a wastewater treating technique for treating nitrogen compounds in a for-treatment wastewater by an electrochemical technique, wherein at least portions of a pair of electrodes is immersed in the for-treatment wastewater; a material of one electrode constituting an anode is an insoluble conductor; and a material of the other electrode constituting a cathode is an element in the group VIII of the periodic table, a conductor containing the element in the group VIII, or a conductor covered with the element in the same group or the conductor containing the element in the same group.

Abstract: Object of the preferred embodiment is to remove sol-form microparticles and nitrogen components contained in CMP wastewater. Sol-form microparticle components contained in CMP wastewater are removed by a filtration treatment using a filter device 13, having a gel-form second filter. Also, nitrogen components in the CMP wastewater are removed by an electrochemical treatment using electrode 12. The filtration treatment and the electrochemical treatment can be carried out in individual tanks or can be carried out in the same tank. By performing the filtration treatment and the electrochemical treatment in the same tank, a space-saving water treatment device can be provided.

Abstract: Provided is a solid oxide fuel cell with long-term stability, small inside resistance and high power density which, at the same time, achieves to maintain excellent oxidation resistance, is capable of performing the process of fabricating the cell in the oxidation atmosphere at high temperatures at 1000° C. or more, and achieves reduction in the material cost. A porous metallic substrate is made of metal in which a coating containing aluminum is formed on the metal surface constituting the porous metallic substrate. Moreover, the porous metallic substrate is made of metal in which a coating, which contains aluminum and a high-conductive oxide generated by the phase reaction between elements contained in the metal constituting the substrate and elements contained in an oxidizer electrode, is formed on the metal surface constituting the porous metallic substrate.

Abstract: In a linear compressor driving apparatus, a position instructing portion (31) outputs a position instruction value Pref of a piston in accordance with an equation A*sin .omega.t. A position control portion (33) calculates a speed instruction value Vref by multiplying difference between position instruction value Pref and position present value Pnow by a constant Gv. A speed control portion (35) calculates a current instruction value Iref by multiplying a difference between speed instruction value Vref and speed present value Vnow by a constant Gi. A current control portion (37) controls a power source (3) so that current present value Inow becomes equal to the current instruction value Iref. Phase control portion (38) adjusts .omega. and Gi so as to eliminate phase difference between speed present value Vnow and current instruction value Iref. Since thrust of linear motor can be directly and appropriately controlled in accordance with the load condition, high efficiency is obtained.

Abstract: An electric working apparatus includes a movable body which is driven by a movement mechanism, and the movable body is provided with a working mechanism such as an articulated robot. The movement mechanism, the working mechanism and etc. are driven by an electric power which is supplied through a power supply cord being extended from a cord reel mechanism fixed on a wall or floor within a working space of the movable body to be connected to the movable body. When the movable body moves in a manner that the movable body goes away from the cord reel mechanism, a tension detection switch is turned-off by a lever, a reel motor is turned-off, and clutch plates are released, and therefore, the power supply cord is wound from the cord reel mechanism by necessary length.

Abstract: A robot for cleaning a floor of a railroad vehicle has a robot body equipped with a cleaning mechanism and includes a travel mechanism controllable for locomotion in a desired direction. The robot also includes a distance detecting arrangement directed at least toward the front and opposite sides of the robot body for measuring the distance to an obstacle or a wall, and a map storing arrangement which has stored therein a cleaning region of the floor previously as a two-dimensional map. The robot also includes a path storing arrangement which has stored therein a predetermined path of travel for cleaning the floor as expressed in coordinates on the map. A first control arrangement is provided for recognizing the coordinates of the position of the robot body on the map based on outputs from the distance detecting arrangement when the robot body is placed at an end portion of the floor.

Abstract: A vehicle which is capable of recognizing shapes in a predetermined area, comprising: a plurality of ultrasonic sensors, an encoder, map drawing means for sequentially and continuously drawing a map of the prescribed area determined by information received from the encoder and ultrasonic sensors, memory means for storing the map drawn by the map drawing means and control means for instructing rectilinear movement, starting stopping and turning of the vehicle so as to move in a serpentine fashion, wherein the ultrasonic sensors, encoder and map drawing means are operated by the control means, the memory means writes and stores a history of its own movements in the area and as information is received remembers detected information from the encoder, and a change of direction of the vehicle which is instructed by the control means is determined by information on the map as well as the areas through which the vehicle has previously passed.

Abstract: An apparatus in which amorphous silicon solar cells are formed on a heat collecting plate. The solar cells are formed by using a superstrate or a substrate. Both a light-permeable superstrate and a metallic substrate are available for use. If the light-permeable superstrate is adopted, metallic electrodes, formed on the side of the heat collecting plate as lower electrodes of the solar cells, are attached to the heat collecting plate through electrically insulating adhesives, provided that the upper surface of the superstrate is exposed against the incident sunlight. The light-permeable superstrate is made of a heat absorbing material transmitting light having a wavelength range which is absorbed by the amorphous silicon layer of the solar cells while absorbing light having a wavelength range which is transmitted through the amorphous silicon layer thereby to convert the light into thermal energy.