Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, architectures and interfaces for a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) performing a client-side edge resolution function (cERF) are provided. A method may include any of: transmitting, to a network-side edge application resolver (nEAR), a signal requesting an IP address identifying (e.g.

Abstract: A wireless transmit / receive unit, WTRU, connects to a first AP, receives domain identifiers, requests corresponding descriptors and receives a list of descriptors. An application on the WTRU requests a list of domains and attributes corresponding to service names or service sets, which is returned by the WTRU. The application selects one or more domains for communications, the WTRU selects corresponding network resources and the application connects to local services. After moving to a new location, the WTRU connects to a second AP and receives a second set of domain identifiers, selects the one matching the request from the application and provides these to the application that, with the aid of the WTRU connects to local services.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, architectures and interfaces for a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) performing a client-side edge resolution function (cERF) are provided. A method may include any of: determining a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) associated with a domain name server (DNS) request of an application associated with the WTRU; if the FQDN is associated with a valid edge instance (EI) record, selecting an EI for resolving the FQDN to an IP address; if the FQDN is not associated with a valid EI record: (1) transmitting a DNS query to a DNS server, (2) receiving an IP address associated with a selected EI to which the FQDN is resolved, and (3) updating the EI record with the IP address and the FQDN; and generating a traffic steering rule to re-direct uplink traffic associated with the application to the selected EI.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for reducing application instantiation delay and downtime are described herein. A method may comprise relocating an application function from a source Edge Data Network (EDN) component to a target EDN component. The method may comprise receiving an indication, and/or determining, based on at least one of a user mobility, resource optimization requirement, key performance indicator (KPI), or a failed relocation attempt, to relocate the application function. The method may further comprise performing a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session establishment procedure toward the target EDN component. The method may further comprise determining, based on one or more received parameters for edge usage and capabilities, to relocate the application function. The method may further comprise sending, to a European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) orchestrator, an indication that the application function will be relocated.

Abstract: A method for setting up a multiple radio access technology (multi-RAT) device-to-device (D2D) communication is disclosed. An application function (AF) in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may identify a group of multiple radio access technology (multi-RAT) capable WTRUs to a policy control function (PCF), wherein one or more multi-RAT capable WTRUs of the group of multi- RAT capable WTRUs register as having enhanced device-to-device (ED2D) functionality. The AF may select a multi-RAT capable WTRU from the group of multi-RAT capable WTRUs having ED2D functionality, as a relay for extended D2D operation. The device with ED2D function will act as Relay for ED2D (RED2D). The PCF may then reconfigure the RED2D with group related information. The RED2D may then configure D2D communication among the group of multi-RAT capable WTRUs.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, architectures and interfaces for a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) performing discovery of Edge Network Management (ENM) servers are provided. A method may include any of: transmitting any of a discover message, an inform message, and a request message including information indicating a request for discovery of ENM servers; receiving any of an offer message and an acknowledgement message including server information indicating any number of ENM servers associated with the request for discovery of ENM servers; and performing communications with any of the ENM servers for which there is received server information.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for third party edge cloud service providers (CSPs) to provide edge computing services to network service providers. The edge computing service is initialized in a network. Network information services of the network are discovered. A location of a cloud resource in the network may be dynamically changed. User plane traffic is steered toward the location of the cloud resource. In some embodiments, initializing the edge computing service includes transmitting an identity of a valid user and a data network name to a network function virtualization management and organization system, or transmitting a user subscription list to a network exposure function. In some embodiments, dynamically changing the location of a cloud resource and steering user plane traffic toward the location of the cloud resource includes determining a number of users of an edge application at a location, and a network requirement of the edge application.

Abstract: Method, systems, and devices for transparent relocatable application instance deployment are described. A method performed by a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit may comprise transmitting, to a Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) system, a first message including a request to deploy the relocatable application instance at a target. The method may comprise receiving a second message including an indication to establish communication with the application instance and a Transparent Instance Relocation Session Identifier (TIRSI) and establishing, based on the second message, communication with the relocatable application instance at the target. The method may comprise transmitting a third message including a request for relocation of the application instance to another target.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, architectures and interfaces for a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) performing a client-side edge resolution function (cERF) are provided. A method may include any of: determining a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) associated with a domain name server (DNS) request of an application associated with the WTRU; if the FQDN is associated with a valid edge instance (EI) record, selecting an EI for resolving the FQDN to an IP address; if the FQDN is not associated with a valid EI record: (1) transmitting a DNS query to a DNS server, (2) receiving an IP address associated with a selected EI to which the FQDN is resolved, and (3) updating the EI record with the IP address and the FQDN; and generating a traffic steering rule to re-direct uplink traffic associated with the application to the selected EI.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for third party edge cloud service providers (CSPs) to provide edge computing services to network service providers. The edge computing service is initialized in a network. Network information services of the network are discovered. A location of a cloud resource in the network may be dynamically changed. User plane traffic is steered toward the location of the cloud resource. In some embodiments, initializing the edge computing service includes transmitting an identity of a valid user and a data network name to a network function virtualization management and organization system, or transmitting a user subscription list to a network exposure function. In some embodiments, dynamically changing the location of a cloud resource and steering user plane traffic toward the location of the cloud resource includes determining a number of users of an edge application at a location, and a network requirement of the edge application.

Abstract: A client application running on a WTRU is configured to communicate data traffic over a TCP session with an MPTCP stack running on the WTRU. The data traffic is exchanged with a server application over a first MPTCP sub-flow with a first mobile edge (ME) host device. The WTRU is anchored to a second ME anchor node. The WTRU receives a first message from a second ME host device indicating that the WTRU should join a second MPTCP sub-flow with the second ME host device. The WTRU joins the second MPTCP sub-flow, responsive to the first message, wherein the second sub-flow is configured not to exchange data traffic. The WTRU receives a second message from the second ME host device configuring the second MPTCP sub-flow to exchange data traffic. The WTRU exchanges the data traffic with the server application over the second MPTCP sub-flow with the second ME host device.

Abstract: Systems and methods for using a communication system in a spectrum are provided. For example, a random access or RACH procedure may be performed where the random access or RACH procedure may be configured to reduce secondary interference and/or to be used in a pixel-based environment. The random access or RACH procedure may include selecting a RACH preamble; sending a RACH preamble and/or format information; determining a transmission power of the RACH preamble and/or the format information; determining a random access radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI) and preamble ID associated with the RACH preamble; and/or selecting a physical RACH (PRACH).

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for media caching proxy techniques (e.g., applications) that enable caching of multimedia content delivered, for example, using the Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) protocol. A request may be received from a client for a media presentation description (MPD) file relating to media content. The media content may comprise a plurality of media segments. An MPD file may be received from cache. A subset of the plurality of media segments of the media content stored within the cache may be determined. An available bandwidth on a backhaul link may be determined. A dynamic MPD file may be generated based on the MPD file, the subset of the plurality of media segments of the media content that is stored within the cache of the middle box platform, and/or the available bandwidth on the backhaul link. The dynamic MPD file may be transmitted to the client.

Abstract: Systems and methods for using a communication system in a spectrum are provided. For example, a random access or RACH procedure may be performed where the random access or RACH procedure may be configured to reduce secondary interference and/or to be used in a pixel-based environment. The random access or RACH procedure may include selecting a RACH preamble; sending a RACH preamble and/or format information; determining a transmission power of the RACH preamble and/or the format information; determining a random access radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI) and preamble ID associated with the RACH preamble; and/or selecting a physical RACH (PRACH).

Abstract: Systems and methods for using a communication system in a spectrum are provided. For example, a random access or RACH procedure may be performed where the random access or RACH procedure may be configured to reduce secondary interference and/or to be used in a pixel-based environment. The random access or RACH procedure may include selecting a RACH preamble; sending a RACH preamble and/or format information; determining a transmission power of the RACH preamble and/or the format information; determining a random access radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI) and preamble ID associated with the RACH preamble; and/or selecting a physical RACH (PRACH).

Abstract: Embodiments include methods, systems, and apparatuses for content delivery using shared caching, and more specifically, a browser cache extension (BCE) between a local browser cache and a remote cache located on an edge server. In an embodiment, a remote BCE function on the edge server may create a shared cache folder containing a remote cache and an remote cache index file. A local BCE function in the local browser may be able to access the shared cache folder via a network file system (NFS) protocol. The local BCE function may merge the remote index file with a local index file from the local browser and retrieve the remote cache at the local browser.

Abstract: Systems and methods for using a communication system in a spectrum are provided. For example, a random access or RACH procedure may be performed where the random access or RACH procedure may be configured to reduce secondary interference and/or to be used in a pixel-based environment. The random access or RACH procedure may include selecting a RACH preamble; sending a RACH preamble and/or format information; determining a transmission power of the RACH preamble and/or the format information; determining a random access radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI) and preamble ID associated with the RACH preamble; and/or selecting a physical RACH (PRACH).

Abstract: Systems and methods for using a communication system in a spectrum are provided. For example, a random access or RACH procedure may be performed where the random access or RACH procedure may be configured to reduce secondary interference and/or to be used in a pixel-based environment. The random access or RACH procedure may include selecting a RACH preamble; sending a RACH preamble and/or format information; determining a transmission power of the RACH preamble and/or the format information; determining a random access radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI) and preamble ID associated with the RACH preamble; and/or selecting a physical RACH (PRACH).

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for media caching proxy techniques (e.g., applications) that enable caching of multimedia content delivered, for example, using the Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) protocol. A request may be received from a client for a media presentation description (MPD) file relating to media content. The media content may comprise a plurality of media segments. An MPD file may be received from cache. A subset of the plurality of media segments of the media content stored within the cache may be determined. An available bandwidth on a backhaul link may be determined. A dynamic MPD file may be generated based on the MPD file, the subset of the plurality of media segments of the media content that is stored within the cache of the middle box platform, and/or the available bandwidth on the backhaul link. The dynamic MPD file may be transmitted to the client.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating supplementary cells in licensed exempt (LE) spectrum. An aggregating cell operating in a frequency division duplex (FDD) licensed spectrum is aggregated with a LE supplementary cell operating in a time sharing mode for uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) operations. The LE supplementary cell may be an FDD supplementary cell dynamically configurable between an UL only mode, a DL only mode, and a shared mode, to match requested UL and DL traffic ratios. The LE supplementary cell may be a time division duplex (TDD) supplementary cell. The TDD supplementary cell may be dynamically configurable between multiple TDD configurations. A coexistence capability for coordinating operations between the LE supplementary cell with other systems operating in the same channel is provided. Coexistence gaps are provided to measure primary/secondary user usage and permit other systems operating in the LE supplementary cell channel to access the channel.