Abstract: A transparent fishing hook is shown and described as being integrally formed of a material capable of passing images therethrough. In this manner, the hook becomes less visible against a given visual environment. The hook is shown in several embodiments including several flesh engaging configurations and line attachment configurations. Selection in index of refraction relative to a given body of water in which the hook is to be used enhances the “invisibility” of the hook when used in that body of water. A transparent urethane coating is applied to the transparent fishing hook to improve its resistance to deformation when engaging a fish in use thereof.

Abstract: A phantom cornea for calibrating surgical lasers is formed by superimposition of thin-films of alternating colors. After ablation by a laser beam, the resulting spherical cavity appears as a pattern of nested circles whose concentricity and spacing reflect the alignment and intensity of the laser beam. These patterns can be visually or instrumentally analyzed to determine the proper setting of the laser. A monolayer or multi-layer thin film is used to determine, not only the ablative power of a laser beam, but also the variation of the ablative power over the full breadth of the beam by observing the area impinged by the beam between successive laser pulses. The calibration cornea can be planar, or arcuate to mimic the natural cornea. The calibration cornea may be mounted in a phantom eyeball including a removable iris of small diameter which constitutes a convenient target for the alignment of the laser beam.

Abstract: A phantom cornea for calibrating surgical lasers is formed by superimposition of thin-films of alternating colors. After ablation by a laser beam, the resulting spherical cavity appears as a pattern of nested circles whose concentricity and spacing reflect the alignment and intensity of the laser beam. These patterns can be visually or instrumentally analyzed to determine the proper setting of the laser. The calibration cornea can be planar, or arcuate to mimic the natural cornea. The calibration cornea may be mounted in a phantom eyeball including a removable iris of small diameter which constitutes a convenient target for the alignment of the laser beam.

Abstract: A simulated human ocular system for practicing the surgical techniques required for the removal of cataractous lenses utilizing posterior chamber lens emulsification and, optionally, the techniques required for small incision implantation and refractive surgery is provided. A human eye is generally imitated by an outer orb having three inner, connected chambers separated by membranes that correspond to the cornea, the iris, and the posterior chamber membrane. A lens phantom is releasably attached to the orb within the chamber located between the iris and the posterior chamber membrane. The lens phantom consists of a structured, water-sensitive composition, such as a cross-linked gelatin to which a water soluble polymer has been added, and is thereafter encapsulated within a transparent vinyl or vinylidene chloride copolymer film.

Abstract: A simulated human ocular system for practicing the surgical techniques required for the removal of cataractous lenses utilizing posterior chamber lens emulsification and, optionally, the techniques required from small incision implantation and refractive surgery is provided. A human eye is generally imitated by an outer orb having three inner, connected chambers separated by membranes that correspond to the cornea, the iris, and the posterior chamber membrane. A lens phantom is releasably attached to the orb within the chamber located between the iris and the posterior chamber membrane. The lens phantom consists of a structured, water-sensitive composition, such as a cross-linked gelatin to which a water soluble polymer has been added, and is thereafter encapsulated within a transparent vinyl or vinylidene chloride copolymer film.

Abstract: A simulated human ocular system for practicing the surgical techniques required for the removal of cataractous lenses utilizing posterior chamber lens emulsification and, optionally, with the techniques required for small incision implantation is provided. A human eye is generally limited by an outer orb having three inner, connected chambers separated by membranes that correspond to the cornea, the iris, and the posterior chamber membrane. A lens phantom is releasably attached to the orb within the chamber located between the iris and the posterior chamber membrane. The lens phantom consists of a structured, water-sensitive composition, such as a cross-linked gelatin to which a water soluble polymer has been added, and is thereafter encapsulated within a transparent vinyl or vinylidene chloride copolymer film.

Abstract: A simulated human ocular system for practicing the surgical techniques required for the removal of cataractous lenses utilizing posterior chamber lens emulsification and, optionally, with the techniques required for small incision implantation is provided. A human eye is generally imitated by an outer orb having three inner, connected chambers separated by membranes that correspond to the corner, the iris, and the posterior chamber membrane. A lens phantom is releasably attached to the orb within the chamber located between the iris and the posterior chamber membrane. The lens phantom consists of a structured, water-sensitive composition, such as a cross-linked gelatin to which a water soluble polymer has been added, and is thereafter encapsulated within a transparent vinyl or vinylidene chloride copolymer film.