Abstract: Trace amount levels of heavy metals such as mercury in crude oil are reduced by contacting the crude oil with an oxidizing agent and then with a reducing agent. In one embodiment, the oxidizing agent is selected from the group of hydroperoxides, organic peroxides, inorganic peracids and salts thereof, organic peracids and salts thereof, halogens such as iodine (I2), bromine (Br2), and ozone. The treatment converts non-volatile mercury in the crude oil into a volatile form for subsequent mercury removal by any of stripping, scrubbing, adsorption, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, at least 50% of the mercury is removed. In another embodiment, the removal rate is at least 99%.

Abstract: Trace amount levels of heavy metals such as mercury in crude oil are reduced by contacting the crude oil with an oxidizing agent and then with a reducing agent. In one embodiment, the oxidizing agent is selected from the group of hydroperoxides, organic peroxides, inorganic peracids and salts thereof, organic peracids and salts thereof, halogens such as iodine (I2), bromine (Br2), and ozone. The treatment converts non-volatile mercury in the crude oil into a volatile form for subsequent mercury removal by any of stripping, scrubbing, adsorption, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, at least 50% of the mercury is removed. In another embodiment, the removal rate is at least 99%.

Abstract: A catalyst precursor composition and methods for making such catalyst precursor are disclosed. The catalyst precursor comprises at least a Promoter metal selected from Group VIII, Group IIB, Group IIA, Group IVA and combinations thereof, at least one Group VIB metal, at least one organic, oxygen-containing ligand, and a cellulose-containing material. The oxygen-containing ligand is an environmentally friendly/non-toxic material having an LD50 rate of >500 mg/Kg as single oral dose to rats. Catalysts prepared from the sulfidation of such catalyst precursors are used in the hydro processing of hydrocarbon feeds.

Abstract: A catalyst precursor composition and methods for making such catalyst precursor are disclosed. The catalyst precursor comprises at least a Promoter metal selected from Group VIII, Group IIB, Group IIA, Group IVA and combinations thereof, at least one Group VIB metal, at least one organic, oxygen-containing ligand, and a cellulose-containing material. The oxygen-containing ligand is an environmentally friendly/non-toxic material having an LD50 rate of >500 mg/Kg as single oral dose to rats. Catalysts prepared from the sulfidation of such catalyst precursors are used in the hydroprocessing of hydrocarbon feeds.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed toward systems and methods of providing a low-emissions diesel fuel for use in cold climates. Such fuels may be prepared by a Fischer-Tropsch process and include a pour point depressant. Furthermore, the fuel is used in conjunction with a heated fuel delivery system so that low cloud points are not necessary. Fuels prepared according to embodiments of the present invention may be produced in higher yields than otherwise possible because a higher paraffin wax content can be tolerated, thus obviating the need to remove or exclude the wax. These fuels are characterized by a sulfur content less than 1 ppm, a cetane number greater than 60, an aromatics content less than 1 wt %, and a difference between the cloud and pour points that is greater than about 5° C. The present fuel may be prepared by a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis from any number of carbon-containing sources such natural gas, coal, petroleum products, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A stable distillate fuel blend useful as a fuel or as a blending component of a fuel that is suitable for use in turbine engine, said fuel blend prepared from at least one highly paraffinic distillate fuel component having low to moderate branching and at least one conventional petroleum-derived distillate fuel component and a process for preparing same involving the blending of at least two components having antagonistic properties with respect to one another.

Abstract: A granular solid wax particle comprising a highly paraffinic wax having a low T10 boiling point less than 427° C. and an inorganic powder coating; optionally with a layer of higher boiling wax over the highly paraffinic wax having a low T10 boiling point, and an inorganic powder coating over the layer of higher boiling wax. In separate embodiments, a highly paraffinic wax having a T10 boiling point less than 427° C. or a highly paraffinic wax having a needle penetration greater than 3 mm/10 at 25° C. is coated with a powder that adsorbs the wax without being encapsulated by the wax in a hot drop wax test. Also, a process for transporting highly paraffinic wax having a T10 boiling point less than 427° C. as granular solid wax particles. And, a method of making base oil from granular solid wax particles transported from a distant location.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a Fischer-Tropsch derived distillate suitable for use as a turbine fuel having a flash point 38° C. minimum measured by ASTM D 56 and a freeze point of ?40° C. or less and further containing not less than 0.01 wt. % oxygen in each of 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, and 1-heptanol and not more than about 0.01 wt. % oxygen in C8+ linear alcohols. Preferably, the Fischer-Tropsch derived distillate will have a freeze point of at least ?47° C., and more preferably the freeze point of the Fischer-Tropsch derived distillate will be not less than ?50° C. All the wt. % oxygen amounts are on a water free basis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a distillate fuel comprising a highly paraffinic, moderately aromatic distillate fuel blend stock. The highly paraffinic, moderately aromatic distillate fuel blend stock exhibits excellent combustion properties in diesel and jet engines as a result of the high paraffin content. In addition, the highly paraffinic, moderately aromatic distillate fuel blend stock exhibits improved seal-swell characteristics as a result of the moderate aromatic content. The blend stock is preferably prepared from a Fischer-Tropsch derived product that is hydroprocessed under conditions during which a moderate amount of aromatics are formed.

Abstract: A process and catalyst are suitable for hydroconverting heavy normal paraffins into lighter normal paraffin products with minimal formation of isoparaffins. The process and catalyst can be used on any feed that contains heavy normal paraffins such as waxy lubricant fractions, slack wax or Fischer Tropsch products. By selectively forming a normal paraffin rich product from heavy normal paraffins, the need for normal paraffin separation and purification processes can be reduced or eliminated.

Abstract: A distillate fuel composition having low foaming characteristics and process for making the composition is described. The composition and process uses Fischer Tropsch distillates to reduce the foaming in distillate fuels. The use of Fischer Tropsch distillates to control foaming in distillate fuels reduces or eliminates the need to use silicon anti-foam agents. A preferred composition comprises at least 20 vol. % of a petroleum derived distillate having a foam vanishing time greater than 20 seconds; and at least 5 vol. % of a Fischer-Tropsch derived distillate having a foam vanishing time of less than 15 seconds; where the resulting distillate fuel blend has a foam vanishing time of 15 seconds or less in the absence of an antifoam additive.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a primarily nitrogen containing blanketing agent from the air separation unit of a Gas To Liquids, Heavy Hydrocarbon Conversion, or Methanol Synthesis Facility on transport vessels. The primarily nitrogen containing blanketing agent is used to reduce corrosion, reduce product biodegradation and oxidation, control invasive species, and prevent fires and explosions by reducing oxygen content. Accordingly, the present invention relates to integrated processes for producing hydrocarbonaceous products and using a primarily nitrogen containing blanketing agent supplied from the process in shipping the products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a primarily nitrogen containing blanketing agent from the air separation unit of a Gas To Liquids, Heavy Hydrocarbon Conversion, or Methanol Synthesis Facility on transport vessels. The primarily nitrogen containing blanketing agent is used to reduce corrosion, reduce product biodegradation and oxidation, control invasive species, and prevent fires and explosions by reducing oxygen content. Accordingly, the present invention relates to integrated processes for producing hydrocarbonaceous products and using a primarily nitrogen containing blanketing agent supplied from the process in shipping the products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to distillate fuels or distillate fuel blend stocks comprising a blend of a Fischer-Tropsch derived product and a petroleum derived product that is hydrocracked under conditions to preserve aromatics. The resulting distillate fuel product is a low sulfur, moderately aromatic distillate fuel. The resulting distillate fuel or distillate fuel blend stock exhibits excellent properties, including good seal swell, density, and thermal stability. The present invention also relates to processes for making these distillate fuels or distillate fuel blend stocks.

Abstract: The present invention relates to distillate fuels or distillate fuel blend stocks comprising a blend of a Fischer-Tropsch derived product and a petroleum derived product that is hydrocracked under conditions to preserve aromatics. The resulting distillate fuel product is a low sulfur, moderately aromatic distillate fuel. The resulting distillate fuel or distillate fuel blend stock exhibits excellent properties, including good seal swell, density, and thermal stability. The present invention also relates to processes for making these distillate fuels or distillate fuel blend stocks.

Abstract: A process for autothermal reforming of a hydrocarbon fuel to produce hydrogen for use in a fuel cell. The process requires the hydrocarbon fuel passed over a Group VIII metal catalyst on a solid support have an autoignition temperature greater than 600 degrees F., be low in sulfur content, have an aromatics+naphthenes content of less than 70 volume %, and preferably a oxygen content of below 1.8 wt %.

Abstract: The present invention relates to transportable product for the transportation of paraffinic wax and methods of transporting using this transportable product. The transportable product comprises 90 to 20 weight % of a hydrocarbonaceous liquid, wherein the hydrocarbonaceous liquid comprises ?75 weight % of a liquid selected from the group consisting of naphtha, heavy oil, distillate, lubricant base oil, and mixtures thereof, and 10 to 80 weight % of wax particles, wherein the wax particles comprise ?90 weight % of wax particles larger than 2.4 mm. The transportable product and methods of transporting according to the present invention are able to accommodate a relatively high weight % of paraffinic wax particles in the transportable product while avoiding interparticle adhesion and clumping by ensuring that the wax particles are not too small and the amount of small wax particles is not excessive.

Abstract: The present invention relates to transportable product for the transportation of paraffinic wax and methods of transporting using this transportable product. The transportable product comprises 90 to 20 weight % of a liquid comprising ?50 weight % water and having a pH of >5 and a true vapor pressure of ?14.7 psia when measured at 20° C., and 10 to 80 weight % of wax particles, wherein the wax particles comprise ?75 weight % of wax particles larger than 0.1 mm. The transportable product and methods of transporting according to the present invention are able to accommodate a relatively high weight % of paraffinic wax particles in the transportable product while avoiding interparticle adhesion and clumping by ensuring that the wax particles are not too small and the amount of small wax particles is not excessive.

Abstract: The present invention relates to transportable product for the transportation of paraffinic wax and methods of transporting using this transportable product. The transportable product comprises 90 to 20 weight % of a liquid comprising >50 weight % alcohol and having a true vapor pressure of ?14.7 psia when measured at 20° C., and 10 to 80 weight % of wax particles, wherein the wax particles comprise ?75 weight % of wax particles larger than 0.1 mm. The transportable product and methods of transporting according to the present invention are able to accommodate a relatively high weight % of paraffinic wax particles in the transportable product while avoiding interparticle adhesion and clumping by ensuring that the wax particles are not too small and the amount of small wax particles is not excessive.

Abstract: CO2 emissions from syngas conversion processes are reduced by use of a multi-stage Fischer-Tropsch reaction system. A process for the conversion of syngas using a Fischer-Tropsch reactor comprises forming a first syngas and reacting at least a portion of the first syngas in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor to form a first hydrocarbonaceous product and a second syngas. The second syngas is mixed with a hydrogen-containing stream to provide an adjusted syngas, at least a portion of which is reacted in a dual functional syngas conversion reactor to form a second hydrocarbonaceous product and a third syngas comprising a reduced amount of CO2 than was present in the adjusted syngas.