Abstract: Catalysts for the hydrogenation of aromatic containing polymers are described. Such a catalyst can include, based on the total weight of the catalyst, 99.1 wt. % to 99.95 wt. % of a metal oxide support, and 0.05 wt. % to 0.9 wt. % of catalytic metal nanoparticles comprising platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), any combination thereof, or alloy thereof. The catalyst can have a specific surface area of 5 m2/g to 80 m2/g, a pore volume of 0.01 cm3/g to 0.35 cm3/g, and a catalyst median particle size of less than 300 microns. Processes to produce the catalyst and methods of hydrogenating aromatic containing polymers are also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition containing a catalyst having high catalytic stability for conducting oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) at high carbon efficiency, while improving both methane and oxygen conversion. Particularly, the inventive catalyst is a metal oxide supported catalyst, which contains an alkali metal promoter and a mixed metal oxide component having at least one alkali earth metal and at least one rare earth metal. The metal oxide support is selected in a manner, such that at least a portion of the metal oxide support is capable of reacting with at least a part or whole of the alkali metal promoter under conditions of calcination during catalyst preparation. The invention further provides a method for preparing such a metal oxide supported catalyst composition, using a calcination process. Additionally, the invention further describes a process for producing C2+ hydrocarbons, using such a catalyst composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst composition, suitable for producing ethylene and other commercially high value C2+ hydrocarbons from methane. The composition contains a silver promoted mixed metal catalyst composition comprising at least two rare earth elements and an alkaline rare earth metal element. The catalyst composition has high catalyst activity and enables oxidative coupling of methane reactions to be conducted at a low reactor temperature while retaining sufficient catalyst selectivity. The invention further provides a method for preparing such a catalyst composition and a process for producing C2+ hydrocarbons, using such a catalyst composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for catalytically converting biomass to oxygenated compounds suitable for use in bioreforming processes.

Abstract: A method of selecting a stable mixed metal oxide catalyst for an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction is disclosed. The method may include, obtaining a mixed metal oxide material having catalytically active metal oxides for the OCM reaction and identifying the Tammann temperature (TTam) of at least one of the catalytically active metals oxides of the mixed metal oxide material. The method further includes selecting the mixed metal oxide material for use as a catalyst in the OCM reaction if the at least one catalytically active metal oxides present in the mixed metal oxide material has a TTam greater than a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A method for producing C2+ hydrocarbons and H2 comprising (a) introducing to a reactor a reactant mixture comprising methane, (b) heating the reactant mixture to a preheating temperature to yield a heated mixture, (c) generating free radicals in the heated mixture to form a primary effluent mixture comprising free radicals, C2+ hydrocarbons, H2, and unreacted methane, (d) reacting the primary effluent mixture in a secondary reaction zone to form a secondary effluent mixture comprising C2+ hydrocarbons, H2, free radicals, and unreacted methane, at a secondary reaction zone temperature that is greater than the preheating temperature, wherein a free radicals amount in the primary effluent mixture is greater than a free radicals amount in the secondary effluent mixture, (e) cooling the secondary effluent mixture to a quench temperature lower than the secondary reaction zone temperature to yield a product mixture comprising C2+ hydrocarbons and H2, and (f) recovering the product mixture.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for deconstructing biomass using a solvent produced in a bioreforming reaction.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for deconstructing biomass using a solvent produced in a bioreforming reaction.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for catalytically converting biomass to oxygenated compounds suitable for use in bioreforming processes.

Abstract: A method for producing C2+ hydrocarbons and H2 comprising (a) introducing to a reactor a reactant mixture comprising methane, (b) heating the reactant mixture to a preheating temperature to yield a heated mixture, (c) generating free radicals in the heated mixture to form a primary effluent mixture comprising free radicals, C2+ hydrocarbons, H2, and unreacted methane, (d) reacting the primary effluent mixture in a secondary reaction zone to form a secondary effluent mixture comprising C2+ hydrocarbons, H2, free radicals, and unreacted methane, at a secondary reaction zone temperature that is greater than the preheating temperature, wherein a free radicals amount in the primary effluent mixture is greater than a free radicals amount in the secondary effluent mixture, (e) cooling the secondary effluent mixture to a quench temperature lower than the secondary reaction zone temperature to yield a product mixture comprising C2+ hydrocarbons and H2, and (f) recovering the product mixture.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for deconstructing biomass using a solvent produced in a bioreforming reaction.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for deconstructing biomass using a solvent produced in a bioreforming reaction.

Abstract: A process for selective formation of ethanol from acetic acid by hydrogenating acetic acid in the presence of a catalyst comprising a modified support having cobalt and an alkaline earth support modifier. The active metals may include a first metal of palladium, platinum, and combinations thereof and a second metal of copper, iron, nickel, zinc, silver, chromium, tin, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention is to a process for producing an acrylate product. The process comprises the step of dehydrating a crude alkylenating agent stream to form a dehydrated alkylenating agent stream and a water stream. The process further comprises reacting acetic acid with at least a portion of the dehydrated alkylenating agent stream to form a crude acrylate product stream comprising acrylate product and alkylenating agent stream. The dehydrating of the crude alkylenating stream is accomplished using at least one evaporator or at least one distillation column.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for deconstructing biomass using a solvent produced in a bioreforming reaction.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention is to a process for producing an acrylate product. The process comprises the step of providing a crude product stream comprising the acrylate product and an alkylenating agent. The process further comprises the step of separating at least a portion of the crude product stream to form an alkylenating agent stream and an intermediate product stream. The alkylenating agent stream comprises at least 1 wt % alkylenating agent and the intermediate product stream comprises acrylate product.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing an acrylate product comprising the step of reacting a reaction gas mixture A comprising methanol and oxygen to form a product gas mixture A. The process may further comprise the step of combining at least a portion of the product gas mixture A and acetic acid to form a reaction gas mixture B. The process may further comprise the step of reacting at least a portion of the acetic acid in the reaction gas input mixture B with at least a portion of the formaldehyde in the reaction gas input mixture B to form a product gas mixture B. The process may further comprise the step of separating at least a portion of the product gas mixture B to form an alkylenating agent stream comprising at least 1 wt % alkylenating agent and an intermediate acrylate product stream comprising acrylate product.

Abstract: The invention is to a process for producing an acrylate product. The process includes the steps of contacting an alkanoic acid and an alkylenating agent over a catalyst composition under conditions effective to produce the acrylate product. The catalyst composition comprises vanadium, bismuth and titanium. Preferably, the catalyst comprises 0.3 wt % to 30 wt % vanadium, 0.1 wt % to 69 wt % bismuth and 0.1 wt % to 61 wt % tungsten, in an active phase.

Abstract: A process for selective formation of ethanol from acetic acid by hydrogenating acetic acid in the presence of a catalyst comprising a modified support having cobalt and an alkaline earth support modifier. The active metals may include a first metal of palladium, platinum, and combinations thereof and a second metal of copper, iron, nickel, zinc, silver, chromium, tin, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A process for producing a crude product stream including an acrylate product and an alkylenating agent and separating at least a portion of the crude product stream to form alkylenating agent and intermediate product streams. The alkylenating agent stream comprises at least 1 wt % alkylenating agent and the intermediate product stream comprises acrylate products in high concentration. The crude product stream is formed by contacting acetic acid and formaldehyde in the presence of at least one aldol condensation catalyst under conditions effective to form the stream. Catalysts which are particularly useful are multielement oxide active materials of the general formula V1PbFecX1dX2eOn.