Abstract: A process and a device for determining the viscosities of liquids are described, which work quickly, reliably and accurately. The process according to the invention makes use of the fact that disturbing effects are eliminated when measuring the change in the rate of flow of the liquid from the viscometer, while utilizing the change in the hydrostatic pressure during viscosity measurement and that the viscosities can be reliably determined from the measured data by the Hagen-Poiseuille law. The viscometer according to the invention is designed so that the hydrostatic pressure change during measurement is maximal.

Abstract: The mass which is made flowable (rendered plastic) must be degassed on its way to the outlet. In order to make the degassing section free of pressure a diaphragm, through which the mass flows, is provided further upstream. The extruding helix is provided with at least one helical flute, the free flow passage of which is blocked, and the diaphragm is provided with an adjustable throughput area. The diaphragm can simply consist of two perforated disks, which are rotatable with respect to each other around their axes. Each perforated disk has a fixed throughput area. The holes of both perforated disks overlap more or less, or not at all. The throughput rate of the mass through the extruding device can therefore, according to the state or the kind of mass, be regulated independently of the rotation speed of the extruding helix. Different masses can be extruded with one and the same helix, in a way hitherto not possible. One can also use an extruding helix which is shorter than was hitherto possible.

Abstract: Apparatus (10) for manufacturing polymeric tubing (T) containing a reinforcing material (M) enclosed between first and second polymeric compounds including an extrusion head (11) having an elongate housing (14), a bore extending from a front end (15) of the housing to a rear end (16) of the housing, a rear material guide sleeve (50) fixed in the bore proximate the rear end of the housing and having a channel (51) for passing reinforcing material, a forward material guide sleeve (36) fixed in the bore proximate the front end of the housing for radially outwardly constraining passing reinforcing material, a center pin (76) extending substantially the length of the housing and located centrally of the bore thereof, a flow pipe (60) extending from the rear material guide sleeve and forming an inner channel (90) supplying a first polymeric compound, means for adjusting the concentricity of the flow pipe relative to said center pin means, an outer channel (45) supplying a second polymeric compound, and adjustable d

Abstract: A motor vehicle, especially a passenger motor vehicle includes a rear engine and an air guide arrangement arranged in the rear area which is displaceable from a rest position extending flush with the adjoining body into an extended operating position, whereby the air guide arrangement extends in the operating position at a distance to the body and a transversely extending gap region disposed to the rear as viewed in the driving direction and lateral outwardly disposed longitudinally extending gap regions are closed off by cover elements.

Abstract: The circuit board plasma etching apparatus includes a preheating chamber, a plasma reaction chamber and a cooling chamber for etching circuit boards with plasma in a quasi continuous operation. The plasma reaction chamber is sealed by a gas-tight preheating sealing slide adjacent the preheating chamber and by a gas-tight cooling sealing slide adjacent the cooling chamber. A preheating door selectively closes the preheating entry end and a cooling door selectively closes the cooling chamber exit end. Boards to be etched are placed in printed circuit board cages supported by a guide rail within the chambers. The guide rail is separable into a preheating segment, a reaction chamber segment and a cooling segment contained within the respective chambers. A preheating chamber bellows allows axial movement of the preheating door, as does a cooling chamber bellows for the cooling chamber door. Axial displacement of the doors allows selective segmentation of the guide rail.

Abstract: A process is provided for covering an interior part with a layer of leather. The process includes subjecting a layer of leather to a heat treatment. A water-soluble protective film is then applied to the decorative upper side of the leather. The area of the interior part that is to be covered is cleaned using a solvent. An adhesive agent is applied to the cleaned area of the interior part using a brush. An adhesive agent is sprayed onto the backside of the leather layer. The two adhesive agents on the interior part and on the leather layer are ventilated. The leather layer is then applied to the interior part, and the water-soluble protective film on the decorative upper side of the leather is removed. The adhesive agent is then hardened.

Abstract: A capillary viscometer in which the liquid meniscus is detected by sensing electrical resistance changes in hermetically sealed electrical resistors which are spaced apart at the two levels in the measuring tube in which the meniscus is to be detected. The resistors are encased in glass and the electrical leads to these resistors are passed through glass tubes to a cable connector.

Abstract: A multi-trace element fertilizer which contains magnesium as a further nutrient and in which the complex-forming trace elements are present in the form of anionic chelates with one or more N-carboxyalkylaminoacids is prepared by a process wherein the N-carboxyalkylaminoacids are reacted, in the presence of water, with the trace elements or trace element compounds in a molar ratio of N-carboxyalkylaminoacids to trace elements or trace element compounds of not less than 0.8:1, at least 20% by weight of the trace element compounds being oxides, hydroxides and/or carbonates. At the same time, or subsequently, the pH of the solution is brought to 3.5-6 by adding a member selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, hydroxide and carbonate. A maximum of 50 equivalent percent of the magnesium compound may however be replaced by a member selected from the group consisting of alkali metal oxides, hydroxides and carbonates and ammonia.

Abstract: Improved process for the sulfatation of the hydroxy group of a .beta.-hydroxy-ethylsulfonyl group present in compounds selected from the dyestuff class which comprises carrying out the reaction in a machine operating with a kneading action and effect and with the use of only 1 to 5 times the equimolar amount of a concentrated sulfuric acid, of oleum or sulfur dioxide itself. The .beta.-sulfatoethylsulfonyl group containing dyestuffs, thus prepared have a high purity and are obtained in a high yield and esterification rate. Above all, the novel process is distinguished by a highly reduced salt and acid content of the waste water.