Abstract: In response to receiving a request for visiting a first web task associated with a website, a first task node is generated at a breadcrumb root node in a tree structure. In response to sequentially receiving requests for multiple subtasks of the first web task, multiple subtask nodes of the first task node are sequentially established in the tree structure. The subtask nodes of the multiple subtask nodes of the first task node are sequentially connected to the first task node according to a sequential order of the sequentially received requests for the multiple subtasks of the first web task. The multiple subtask nodes of the first task node are processed based a policy of the first web task, which includes dynamically reconfiguring the multiple subtask nodes of the first task node in response to the user's visitation of one or more subtask nodes of the multiple subtask nodes.

Abstract: External inter-application input field constraints that specify a configured association relationship between an input field utilized during execution by a first application and multiple input fields utilized during execution by a second application are generated in advance. In response to user input entered into the input field of the executing first application and based on the external inter-application input field constraints, context-aware input data to the multiple input fields of the concurrently-executing second application is provided during concurrent execution of the first application and the second application.

Abstract: External inter-application input field constraints that specify a configured association relationship between an input field utilized during execution by a first application and multiple input fields utilized during execution by a second application are generated in advance. In response to user input entered into the input field of the executing first application and based on the external inter-application input field constraints, context-aware input data to the multiple input fields of the concurrently-executing second application is provided during concurrent execution of the first application and the second application.

Abstract: In response to receiving a request for visiting a first web task associated with a website, a first task node is generated at a breadcrumb root node in a tree structure. In response to sequentially receiving requests for multiple subtasks of the first web task, multiple subtask nodes of the first task node are sequentially established in the tree structure. The subtask nodes of the multiple subtask nodes of the first task node are sequentially connected to the first task node according to a sequential order of the sequentially received requests for the multiple subtasks of the first web task. The multiple subtask nodes of the first task node are processed based a policy of the first web task, which includes dynamically reconfiguring the multiple subtask nodes of the first task node in response to the user's visitation of one or more subtask nodes of the multiple subtask nodes.

Abstract: External inter-application input field constraints that specify a configured association relationship between an input field utilized during execution by a first application and multiple input fields utilized during execution by a second application are generated in advance. In response to user input entered into the input field of the executing first application and based on the external inter-application input field constraints, context-aware input data to the multiple input fields of the concurrently-executing second application is provided during concurrent execution of the first application and the second application.

Abstract: In response to receiving a request for visiting a first web task associated with a website, a first task node is generated in a tree structure at a breadcrumb root node in the tree structure. In response to sequentially receiving requests for multiple subtasks of the first web task, multiple subtask nodes of the first task node are sequentially established in the tree structure. The subtask nodes of the multiple subtask nodes of the first task node are sequentially connected to the first task node according to a sequential order of the sequentially received requests for the multiple subtasks of the first web task. The multiple subtask nodes of the first task node are processed based a policy of the first web task.

Abstract: External inter-application input field constraints that specify a configured association relationship between an input field utilized during execution by a first application and multiple input fields utilized during execution by a second application are generated in advance. In response to user input entered into the input field of the executing first application and based on the external inter-application input field constraints, context-aware input data to the multiple input fields of the concurrently-executing second application is provided during concurrent execution of the first application and the second application.

Abstract: In response to receiving a request for visiting a first web task associated with a website, a first task node is generated in a tree structure at a breadcrumb root node in the tree structure. In response to sequentially receiving requests for multiple subtasks of the first web task, multiple subtask nodes of the first task node are sequentially established in the tree structure. The subtask nodes of the multiple subtask nodes of the first task node are sequentially connected to the first task node according to a sequential order of the sequentially received requests for the multiple subtasks of the first web task. The multiple subtask nodes of the first task node are processed based a policy of the first web task.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for logically packaging and delivering a service offering. A set of service implementation artifacts, a service ordering process, and a service provisioning process are selected and configured to implement a service offering. A requirements specification for the set of service implementation artifacts is defined. Logical associations between parameters are defined such that a change of a parameter for a first component triggers a change for a parameter of a second component. Beneficially, such an apparatus, system, and method accelerates the self-service ordering and deployment of service offerings.

Abstract: A breadcrumb method, system and computer program product for a website. In response to a request for visiting the website, a breadcrumb root node is generated in a tree structure. In response to receiving a request for visiting a first web task associated with the website, a first task node is generated in the tree structure at the breadcrumb root node. In response to sequentially receiving requests for multiple subtasks of the first web task, multiple subtask nodes of the first task node are sequentially established in the tree structure. The subtask nodes of the multiple subtask nodes of the first task node are sequentially connected to the first task node according to a sequential order of the sequentially received requests for the multiple subtasks of the first web task. The multiple subtask nodes of the first task node are processed based a policy of the first web task.

Abstract: External inter-application input field constraints that specify a configured association relationship between an input field utilized during execution by a first application and multiple input fields utilized during execution by a second application are generated in advance. In response to user input entered into the input field of the executing first application and based on the external inter-application input field constraints, context-aware input data to the multiple input fields of the concurrently-executing second application is provided during concurrent execution of the first application and the second application.

Abstract: External constraints with respect to at least one input field of at least one application are generated. Context-aware input data is provided to at least one input field of a currently used application, based on the external constraints.

Abstract: A method, system, and/or computer program product provides cluster management for a shared nothing cluster, wherein the shared nothing cluster comprises one or more data nodes each having an operating system and applications running thereon, and wherein the data nodes in the shared nothing cluster do not share data storage devices. One or more processors collects cluster configuration information associated with the data nodes. A tabulation image is obtained based on the collected cluster configuration information. In response to determining that operating system breakdowns occurred on one or more of the data nodes, the obtained tabulation image is sent to faulted data nodes to enable the recovery of their operating systems.

Abstract: External inter-application input field constraints that specify a configured association relationship between an input field utilized during execution by a first application and multiple input fields utilized during execution by a second application are generated in advance. In response to user input entered into the input field of the executing first application and based on the external inter-application input field constraints, context-aware input data to the multiple input fields of the concurrently-executing second application is provided during concurrent execution of the first application and the second application.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a device for preventing CSRF attacks, in which the device provides functions comprising: intercepting request sent from a client browser to a server; generating a token; generating a response to the request; inserting the token into the response to the request; and sending the response to the request to the client browser with the token inserted into the response. With the device of the disclosure, it is assured that a token is inserted into all the requests made by a user through a client browser for accessing a resource. And it can be assured that the request is issued by the user himself by verifying whether the token in the request is valid, thereby preventing a CSRF attack.

Abstract: External constraints with respect to at least one input field of at least one application are generated. Context-aware input data is provided to at least one input field of a currently used application, based on the external constraints.

Abstract: Automated topology formation in a dynamic distributed environment. The automatic topology formation includes receiving by an application of a first entity having an initial topology role, topology information from a master node. The first entity has an initial topology role and the received topology information varies based the initial topology role. A local topology representation information is derived from the received topology information wherein the local topology representation information comprises any one of: a first entity topology role as any one of a not-a-node, root node, a prime node or a leaf node for the topology; a list of entities that are parents of the first entity in the topology, or a list of entities that are subordinates to the first entity in the topology; and setting the local topology representation information at the first entity.

Abstract: The disclosure provides method for preventing CSRF attacks, in which the method provides: intercepting request sent from a client browser to a server; generating a token; generating a response to the request; inserting the token into the response to the request; and sending the response to the request to the client browser with the token inserted into the response. With the method of the disclosure, it is assured that a token is inserted into all the requests made by a user through a client browser for accessing a resource. And it can be assured that the request is issued by the user himself by verifying whether the token in the request is valid, thereby preventing a CSRF attack.

Abstract: For profiling and reusing software development assets, an apparatus includes an asset repository that stores assets, and functional and performance descriptions corresponding to each asset. The apparatus further includes a service planning module configured to interpret functional requirement(s) for a target application, and at least one service quality element corresponding to the functional requirement(s). The target application may be an internet-based application, and the functional requirements may be functions performed by software elements. The apparatus further includes a deployment module configured to compare the functional requirements with the stored assets to generate a solution plan. The solution plan may be a group of assets configured to perform the functional requirement(s) for the target application.

Abstract: A method, system, and/or computer program product provides cluster management for a shared nothing cluster, wherein the shared nothing cluster comprises one or more data nodes each having an operating system and applications running thereon, and wherein the data nodes in the shared nothing cluster do not share data storage devices. One or more processors collects cluster configuration information associated with the data nodes. A tabulation image is obtained based on the collected cluster configuration information. In response to determining that operating system breakdowns occurred on one or more of the data nodes, the obtained tabulation image is sent to faulted data nodes to enable the recovery of their operating systems.