Patents by Inventor Dilip Natarajan
Dilip Natarajan has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Patent number: 9306103Abstract: A back-contact solar cell module and a process for making such a solar cell module are provided. The module includes a porous wire mounting layer with a plurality of elongated electrically conductive wires mounted thereon. A polymeric encapsulant layer is provided between a rear surface of solar cells of the module and the porous wire mounting layer and is melted to adhere to the solar cells and penetrate the porous wire mounting layer. Back electrical contacts on the solar cells are electrically connected to the electrically conductive wires through the porous wire mounting layer.Type: GrantFiled: December 21, 2012Date of Patent: April 5, 2016Assignee: E I DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANYInventors: Dilip Natarajan, Thomas D Lantzer, Charles Anthony Smith
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Patent number: 9065095Abstract: A fuel cell includes a direct liquid fuel cell and a humidifier. The direct liquid fuel cell includes an air intake channel for providing oxidant to the fuel cell and an exhaust channel for exhausting depleted oxidant. The humidifier forms a fluid connection between the air intake channel and the exhaust channel.Type: GrantFiled: December 22, 2011Date of Patent: June 23, 2015Assignee: INI Power Systems, Inc.Inventors: Larry J. Markoski, Dilip Natarajan
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Patent number: 8551667Abstract: A fuel cell includes an anode including an anode catalyst, a cathode, a channel that is contiguous with the anode, and a liquid electrolyte in the channel. The cathode includes a gas diffusion electrode, a cathode catalyst on the gas diffusion electrode, and a hydrogel on the cathode catalyst. The hydrogel is between the anode and the cathode, and includes an aqueous liquid and a polymer. The polymer has an acid capacity less than 0.8 meq/g and/or has no sulfonic acid groups covalently bound to the polymer. A method of generating electricity includes flowing a liquid electrolyte through the channel, oxidizing a fuel at the anode, and reducing a gaseous oxidant at the cathode.Type: GrantFiled: April 17, 2008Date of Patent: October 8, 2013Assignee: INI Power Systems, Inc.Inventors: Larry J. Markoski, Dilip Natarajan, Alex Primak
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Patent number: 8497153Abstract: A process for making a back-contact solar cell module is provided. Electrically conductive wires of an integrated back-sheet are physically and electrically attached to the back contacts of the solar cells of a solar cell array through openings in a polymeric interlayer dielectric layer using an electrically conductive binder before thermal lamination of the module.Type: GrantFiled: October 26, 2012Date of Patent: July 30, 2013Assignee: E I du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventors: Thomas D. Lantzer, Dilip Natarajan, Steven Alcus Threefoot
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Publication number: 20120301799Abstract: A fuel cell includes a direct liquid fuel cell and a humidifier. The direct liquid fuel cell includes an air intake channel for providing oxidant to the fuel cell and an exhaust channel for exhausting depleted oxidant. The humidifier forms a fluid connection between the air intake channel and the exhaust channel.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 22, 2011Publication date: November 29, 2012Inventors: Larry J. Markoski, Dilip Natarajan
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Patent number: 8163429Abstract: A fuel cell comprises an anode comprising an anode catalyst, a cathode comprising a gas diffusion electrode and a cathode catalyst on the gas diffusion electrode, a microfluidic channel contiguous with the anode, and a liquid comprising fuel in the channel. The concentration of the fuel in the liquid is 0.05-0.5 M.Type: GrantFiled: February 5, 2009Date of Patent: April 24, 2012Assignee: INI Power Systems, Inc.Inventors: Larry J. Markoski, Dilip Natarajan
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Patent number: 8158300Abstract: An electrochemical cell includes an anode including an anode catalyst, a cathode including a cathode catalyst, and a first set of proton-conducting metal nanoparticles between the anode and the cathode, such that the first set of proton-conducting metal nanoparticles is not in contact with the anode. The cathode may be a cathode assembly including a gas diffusion electrode, a cathode catalyst on the gas diffusion electrode, and proton-conducting metal nanoparticles on the cathode catalyst.Type: GrantFiled: September 19, 2006Date of Patent: April 17, 2012Assignee: INI Power Systems, Inc.Inventors: Larry J. Markoski, Dilip Natarajan, Alex Primak
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Patent number: 8119305Abstract: An electrochemical cell comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, a porous separator, between the first and second electrodes, a first channel, having an inlet and an outlet, and a second channel, having an inlet and an outlet. The first channel is contiguous with the first electrode and the porous separator, and the second channel is contiguous with the second electrode and the porous separator.Type: GrantFiled: June 10, 2010Date of Patent: February 21, 2012Assignee: INI Power Systems, Inc.Inventors: Larry J. Markoski, Dilip Natarajan, Alex Primak
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Patent number: 7901817Abstract: An electrochemical cell includes an anode, a cathode including a gas diffusion electrode and having first and second surfaces, an inlet for gaseous oxidant that is in contact with the first surface of the cathode, and a liquid electrolyte. Water generated at the cathode may be transported by osmosis into the liquid electrolyte. The fuel cell may produce a current density of 200 mA/cm2 without cathode flooding.Type: GrantFiled: February 14, 2006Date of Patent: March 8, 2011Assignee: INI Power Systems, Inc.Inventors: Larry J. Markoski, Dilip Natarajan, Alex Primak
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Publication number: 20110008713Abstract: An electrochemical cell comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, a porous separator, between the first and second electrodes, a first channel, having an inlet and an outlet, and a second channel, having an inlet and an outlet. The first channel is contiguous with the first electrode and the porous separator, and the second channel is contiguous with the second electrode and the porous separator.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 10, 2010Publication date: January 13, 2011Inventors: Larry J. Markoski, Dilip Natarajan, Alex Primak
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Publication number: 20110003226Abstract: A fuel cell is described. The fuel cell includes current collectors, each of which includes a substrate of lightweight material, such as Kapton material. Micro channels are formed via laser machining or chemical etching into the substrate. The current collectors further include conductive layers sputtered on the substrate, and protective coating on the conductive layers. A variety of materials are available for the conductive layers. The fuel cell so developed is particularly well suited to mobile applications, such as electronic devices.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 30, 2010Publication date: January 6, 2011Inventors: Larry J. Markoski, Dilip Natarajan, Alex Primak
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Publication number: 20100196800Abstract: A fuel cell comprises an anode comprising an anode catalyst, a cathode comprising a gas diffusion electrode and a cathode catalyst on the gas diffusion electrode, a microfluidic channel contiguous with the anode, and a liquid comprising fuel in the channel. The concentration of the fuel in the liquid is 0.05-0.5 M.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 5, 2009Publication date: August 5, 2010Inventors: Larry J. Markoski, Dilip Natarajan
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Publication number: 20090035644Abstract: A fuel cell includes an anode including an anode catalyst, a cathode including a gas diffusion electrode and a cathode catalyst on the gas diffusion electrode, a channel that is contiguous with the anode, and a liquid including a fuel in the channel. The anode is in convective contact with the fuel, and the fuel cell has a fuel efficiency of at least 50%.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 31, 2008Publication date: February 5, 2009Inventors: Larry J. Markoski, Alex Primak, Dilip Natarajan
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Publication number: 20080274393Abstract: A fuel cell includes an anode including an anode catalyst, a cathode, a channel that is contiguous with the anode, and a liquid electrolyte in the channel. The cathode includes a gas diffusion electrode, a cathode catalyst on the gas diffusion electrode, and a hydrogel on the cathode catalyst. The hydrogel is between the anode and the cathode, and includes an aqueous liquid and a polymer. The polymer has an acid capacity less than 0.8 meq/g and/or has no sulfonic acid groups covalently bound to the polymer. A method of generating electricity includes flowing a liquid electrolyte through the channel, oxidizing a fuel at the anode, and reducing a gaseous oxidant at the cathode.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 17, 2008Publication date: November 6, 2008Inventors: Larry J. Markoski, Dilip Natarajan, Alex Primak
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Publication number: 20080248343Abstract: A fuel cell includes an anode, a cathode, a microfluidic channel contiguous with at least one of the anode and the cathode, and a single flowing electrolyte. The flowing electrolyte passes through the microfluidic channel. A method of generating electricity includes flowing the single electrolyte through the microfluidic channel, where a fuel is oxidized at the anode, an oxidant is reduced at the cathode, and the electrolyte comprises the fuel or the oxidant. The flowing electrolyte may pass through the microfluidic channel in a laminar flow.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 2, 2008Publication date: October 9, 2008Inventors: Larry J. Markoski, Dilip Natarajan, Alex Primak
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Publication number: 20080070083Abstract: An electrochemical cell includes an anode including an anode catalyst, a cathode including a cathode catalyst, and a first set of proton-conducting metal nanoparticles between the anode and the cathode, such that the first set of proton-conducting metal nanoparticles is not in contact with the anode. The cathode may be a cathode assembly including a gas diffusion electrode, a cathode catalyst on the gas diffusion electrode, and proton-conducting metal nanoparticles on the cathode catalyst.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 19, 2006Publication date: March 20, 2008Inventors: Larry J. Markoski, Dilip Natarajan, Alex Primak
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Publication number: 20070190393Abstract: An electrochemical cell includes an anode, a cathode including a gas diffusion electrode and having first and second surfaces, an inlet for gaseous oxidant that is in contact with the first surface of the cathode, and a liquid electrolyte. Water generated at the cathode may be transported by osmosis into the liquid electrolyte. The fuel cell may produce a current density of 200 mA/cm2 without cathode flooding.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 14, 2006Publication date: August 16, 2007Inventors: Larry Markoski, Dilip Natarajan, Alex Primak
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Publication number: 20060088744Abstract: An electrochemical cell comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, a porous separator, between the first and second electrodes, a first channel, having an inlet and an outlet, and a second channel, having an inlet and an outlet. The first channel is contiguous with the first electrode and the porous separator, and the second channel is contiguous with the second electrode and the porous separator.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 15, 2005Publication date: April 27, 2006Inventors: Larry Markoski, Dilip Natarajan, Alex Primak
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Publication number: 20050202305Abstract: A fuel cell is described. The fuel cell includes current collectors, each of which includes a substrate of lightweight material, such as Kapton material. Micro channels are formed via laser machining or chemical etching into the substrate. The current collectors further include conductive layers sputtered on the substrate, and protective coating on the conductive layers. A variety of materials are available for the conductive layers. The fuel cell so developed is particularly well suited to mobile applications, such as electronic devices.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 24, 2005Publication date: September 15, 2005Inventors: Larry Markoski, Dilip Natarajan, Alex Primak