Abstract: In vitro populations of enhanced mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs) are provided. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the eMSC populations as well as methods of culturing MSCs to produce the eMSC populations and use of the populations and compositions are also provided.

Abstract: Provided is a method of inducing transdifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), the method including (a) culturing MSC in a first culture medium including a growth factor selected for allowing formation of neuralized MSC (NMSC); (b) allowing the NMSC to proliferate for a sufficient time during which said culture medium is renewed at least once; and (c) culturing the NMSC of (b) in a second culture media including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for a time sufficient for the NMSC to differentiate into a population of cells including terminally differentiated neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Also provided by the present invention is the use of MSC or NMSC for providing a composition including said population and to kits including MSC or NMSC and instructions for use of same.

Abstract: Provided is a method of inducing transdifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), the method including (a) culturing MSC in a first culture medium including a growth factor selected for allowing formation of neuralized MSC (NMSC); (b) allowing the NMSC to proliferate for a sufficient time during which said culture medium is renewed at least once; and (c) culturing the NMSC of (b) in a second culture media including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for a time sufficient for the NMSC to differentiate into a population of cells including terminally differentiated neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Also provided by the present invention is the use of MSC or NMSC for providing a composition including said population and to kits including MSC or NMSC and instructions for use of same.

Abstract: Provided is a method of inducing transdifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), the method including (a) culturing MSC in a first culture medium including a growth factor selected for allowing formation of neuralized MSC (NMSC); (b) allowing the NMSC to proliferate for a sufficient time during which said culture medium is renewed at least once; and (c) culturing the NMSC of (b) in a second culture media including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for a time sufficient for the NMSC to differentiate into a population of cells including terminally differentiated neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Also provided by the present invention is the use of MSC or NMSC for providing a composition including said population and to kits including MSC or NMSC and instructions for use of same.

Abstract: The use of an anti-MS quinoline-3-carboxamide compound comprising the structure of formula (I), optionally with substituents for the H.sup.1-9 hydrogen, or a salt of said compound where (a) ------------- represents that there are two conjugated double bonds between atoms comprised by the dashed line (only formula I), (b) the hydrogens H.sup.7 and H.sup.8 are attached to different atoms selected from X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and the nitrogen atom in the quinoline ring, (c) X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are independently selected from an oxygen atom or an NH.sup.9 group, said X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 being bound by a single bond to the ring when carrying H.sub.7 or H.sub.8 and by a double bond when not carrying H.sup.7 or H.sup.8, for the manufacture of a composition intended for the treatment of conditions associated with MS. Also described are treatment regimens for MS patients. The particularly preferred compound is roquinimex or a salt thereof.