Abstract: The process for manufacturing parts of revolution which are made from a high-density metal with great regularity of reproducibility, especially as regards the homogeneity of the matter.It consists in carrying out the following steps:forging in three dimensions by successive upsetting and drawing-out operations carried out in three perpendicular directions;closed-die forging; andrecrystallisation heat treatment.Application to the manufacture of hollow-charged coatings made of tantalum.

Abstract: The detonating device for a secondary explosive charge includes energy reservoir means and exploding foil igniter means coupled to the energy reservoir means by an optical commutator functioning in photo-conduction mode. The device may be extended to any number of separate detonation channels, and each detonation channel may be supplied with optical pulse beams generated by a single laser source or by separate, dedicated laser sources. The optical pulse beams are guided via optical fibers that may vary in length in accordance with preprogrammed detonation timing sequences. The invention finds particular application in the field of high safety detonation systems.

Abstract: The invention is a series of amorphous copolymers which, used in association with a small molecule, provide photorefractive materials that can be used in optical signal processing. These copolymers contain an active non-linear optical group and a group which contributes to their photoconductivity. ##STR1## where: X is H, CH.sub.3, Cl or FY is H, CH.sub.3, Cl or F2.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.42.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.4The electron-donor group D being: --O--, --S--, ##STR2## or --COO-- The electron-accepter group A.sub.e being: --CN, --NO.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to the obtaining of a structure generating non-linear electrooptical effects, the effects being due to molecules or inter-molecular groupings possessing a non-linear susceptibility and the orientation of the molecules or groupings being induced by an applied electric field. According to the invention, the orientation of the molecules or inter-molecular groupings (5) is obtained by of a dielectric having a permanent polarisation such as an electret (6).

Abstract: The invention is a family of amorphous copolymers, transparent in the visible range, for use in non-linear optical applications. The copolymers are produced by copolymerizing an alkyl methacrylate or an alkyl acrylate or a .gamma. alkyl acrylate halide or an alkyl phenylacrylate or a .gamma. trifluoromethyl acrylate with a monomer containing the entity which generates the second-order non-linear effects.

Abstract: The invention is a method of producing a multilayer polymer-metal system to interconnect integrated circuits which allows two-dimensional electrical and/or optical connections between components, in which a first layer of polymer is deposited on a rigid substrate such that the layer can be separated from the substrate, in which a multilayer interconnection system is then produced on this first layer using industrial methods and in which the rigid substrate is removed after installation and connection of the integrated circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the making of microlenses for optical applications (display for example) resulting from the deposition of a liquid on a substrate, the surface of which has been locally modified so as to increase the wetting capacity of the liquid thereon. The substrate may be a polymer and the wetting liquid may be an organic fluid capable of hardening by an adapted treatment.

Abstract: The invention concerns a reticulable polymer for use in non-linear optics, the polymer being constituted of a skeleton to which side chains are attached; one chain ensures the amorphous nature of the polymer, the skeleton consisting of polyacrylic, polystyrene or polysiloxane, and a second side chain able to generate non-linear optical effects and terminating in a heat or photochemically reticulable group.

Abstract: Disclosed is a spatial light modulator of the type associating a layer of liquid crystal (2) with a layer of a photoconductive material (1), the photoconductive material being based on polysilane or polygermane.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the synthesizing of polysilsesquioxane, including a first step for the hydrolysis, in the presence of ether, of trichlorosilane with the general formula RSiCl.sub.3 where R represents an organic radical, notably an alkyl, an aryl, a vinyl or an allyl, said process further including the following steps;2nd step: the dissolving of the solid product obtained at the end of the first step in an anhydrous ketonic solvent and the addition of a base, the reaction taking place under heat, a solid product being obtained after evaporation and drying;3rd step: the dissolving of the solid product obtained at the end of the second step in an anyhydrous ketone, the addition of a chain-terminating agent, the reaction taking place under heat and the solution obtained being filtered, evaporated and dried to give the desired polysilsesquioxane,wherein the second step is repeated several times.

Abstract: The invention is a series of amorphous copolymers which, used in association with a small molecule, provide photorefractive materials that can be used in optical signal processing. These copolymers contain an active non-linear optical group and a group which contributes to their photoconductivity. ##STR1## where: X is H, CH.sub.3, Cl or FY is H, CH.sub.3, Cl or F2.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.42.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.4The electron-donor group D being:--O--, --S--, ##STR2## or --COO-- The electron-acceptor group A.sub.e being: --CN, --NO.sub.

Abstract: A device to eliminate ice formed on the surface of a wall, notably on the surface of an optical or radio-electric window, comprises a piezoelectric material having a vibrating active surface that mechanically cooperates with the wall to be de-iced, and means for the polarization of this piezoelectric material, comprising an AC voltage source and conducting or semiconducting electrodes placed in contact with this material according to a geometry capable of generating, within this material, an acoustic wave that has a direction of vibration which is oriented longitudinally and/or transversally to said surface to be de-iced, the amplitude of this vibration being sufficient to respectively detach and/or break the deposit of ice formed on said surface. The piezoelectric material is preferably a ferroelectric polymer such as a polymer of the group comprising PVF.sub.2, PVF.sub.2 -TrFE, PVDCN-VAc, PVF.sub.2 -TFE and the mixture of these polymers with one another and/or with PMMA or PEMA.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical component for applications in integrated optics, including a substrate that supports a stack of three polymer layers: a lower layer deposited on the substrate, a central layer and an upper layer, the lower and upper layers having optical indices smaller than that of the central layer which is electrooptical and designed to convey a light beam, the lower layer or the upper layer possessing zones having indices of different values to create a zone of confinement of the light beam in the central layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrically conductive composite polymer film formed from an organic matrix and conductive charges. The matrix is a polymer obtained from a filmogenic macromolecular latex and the conductive charges consist of a conductive polymer diffused in the matrix. The invention can be applied to microwave absorbent layers.

Abstract: An infrared detector based on pyroelectric material, of the type associated with a reading circuit prepared on a semiconductor substrate, the substrate also supporting conductive blocks designed to transmit the electrical signals generated by the pyroelectric material towards the reading circuit. Each conductive block corresponds to a picture element or pixel, wherein the detector is formed by a layer of pyroelectric material deposited on that side of the semiconductor layer having the conductive blocks. The pyroelectric material has a thermal conductivity of K<1 W/m..degree.K., a counter-electrode covering the layer of pyroelectric material on the side opposite the conductive blocks.

Abstract: An embodiment of the electrostatic image sensor comprises essentially two electrodes, one layer of photoconductive material and one dielectric layer comprising an electret designed to polarize the photoconductive layer without requiring a voltage source during the recording of an image. During a recording stage, a change-over switch short-circuits the electrodes. Photocarriers are released by the X-rays that have crossed an object to be radiographed. The said photocarriers move in the electrical field created by the electret and tend to cancel the electrical field at the interface between the two layers. During a reading stage, the change-over switch connects the electrodes to the inputs of a current amplifer while a light beam scans the layer of photoconductive material. The photocarriers move and completely cancel the electrical field at every point of the interface between the two layers. The current detected by the amplifier makes it possible to display an image on a cathode ray tube.

Abstract: The device can be used for the displacement of light lines above determined zones of a surface and for the optical identification of these zones. It comprises one or more lateral diffusion light guides arranged parallel to the surface, coupled by one end to a light source and to controlling means in order to selectively illuminate each zone of the surface by means of at least one light guide.

Abstract: Image sensor with memory and, more especially, image sensor with reading by thermal effect.This sensor comprises mainly a layer of a photoconductive material and a layer of a transparent material, the impedance of which varies with the temperature, these two layers being comprised between two electrodes. Furthermore, a voltage generator can be connected to the electrodes during the recording when the device is illuminated. Finally, a charge amplifier can be used to detect a current when the unit is heated.

Abstract: The invention relates to dielectric materials formed from polymers and having high dielectric permittivity.The invention provides alloys of ferroelectric polymers with different Curie temperatures, these alloys optimizing the dielectric properties over an extensive temperature and frequency range.

Abstract: A composite co-laminated piezoelectric transducer with at least one layer of polymeric substance capable of acquiring piezoelectric properties when co-laminated in the presence of an electrical field, the layer being adjacent to a conductive material acting as an electrode. According to the invention the conductive material is a polymeric substance.