Abstract: A method is provided for a verifying system to verify a location of a target apparatus. The method comprises transmitting a plurality of signals from two or more of a plurality of communication devices of the verifying system to the target apparatus, each signal of the plurality of signals comprising information. The method further comprises sending quantum information to the target apparatus via a quantum communication channel, wherein a plurality of bits is encoded in the quantum information and the encoding of the plurality of bits is based on an output of a function of the information associated with the plurality of signals. The method further comprises receiving a response related to the plurality of bits at two or more of the plurality of communication devices. The method further comprises analyzing the response, the plurality of bits encoded in the quantum information, and a time between the transmitting of the plurality of signals and the receiving of the response.

Abstract: A method is provided for a verifying system to verify a location of a target apparatus. The method comprises transmitting a plurality of signals from two or more of a plurality of communication devices of the verifying system to the target apparatus, each signal of the plurality of signals comprising information. The method further comprises sending quantum information to the target apparatus via a quantum communication channel, wherein a plurality of bits is encoded in the quantum information and the encoding of the plurality of bits is based on an output of a function of the information associated with the plurality of signals. The method further comprises receiving a response related to the plurality of bits at two or more of the plurality of communication devices. The method further comprises analysing the response, the plurality of bits encoded in the quantum information, and a time between the transmitting of the plurality of signals and the receiving of the response.