Abstract: An light emitting diode (LED) assembly may include, but is not limited to: a printed circuit board comprising at least one aperture; a first LED mounted on a front surface of the printed circuit board; a second LED mounted on a rear surface of the printed circuit board; and a reflective surface configured to reflect light emitted by the second LED through the at least one aperture.

Abstract: The present invention is a display assembly including: a display, a backlight module and a plurality of grills. The backlight module generates light rays for illuminating the display. The generated light rays exit the backlight module and are directed to a set of grills (ex.—Black Matrix substrates), which are configured between the backlight module and the display. The grills are configured for allowing a first portion of the light rays (ex.—light rays directed toward an eye position of a viewer of the display) to pass through the grills to the display, but are also configured for blocking a second portion of the light rays (ex.—light rays directed away from the viewer), thus preventing the second portion of light rays from reaching the display. The first portion of light rays are then received by and emitted from the display towards the eye position of the viewer.

Abstract: A method of improving response time of a display element in a display is disclosed. According to the method, a command input is provided that represents a desired response of the display element. The command input is modified, using a compensation function, to produce a command output to be sent to the display element. The compensation function uses the command input and a modeled luminance of the display element in a present state and at least one previous state to compute the command output. The command output is transmitted to the display element.

Abstract: A backlight for a liquid crystal display includes a substantially planar waveguide and a plurality of light-emitting diodes positioned adjacent the waveguide. The plurality of light-emitting diodes emits light having a first wavelength range. A reactive element is disposed adjacent the waveguide. The reactive element emits light having a second wavelength range toward the waveguide when the reactive element is excited by light from the plurality of light-emitting diodes.

Abstract: A variably controlled LCD backlight is disclosed. The backlight includes a first light source that emits light within a first spectral power distribution and has a first radiant power output. A second light source emits light within a second spectral power distribution and has a second radiant power output. A detector detects the first and second radiant power outputs. A processor is connected to the detector and calculates chromaticity and luminance values of the emitted light based on the first and second radiant power outputs. The processor compares the calculated chromaticity and luminance values with desired chromaticity and luminance values, respectively. A controller is operationally connected to the processor and adjusts one or more of the first radiant power output and the second radiant power output in response to a difference between the calculated chromaticity and luminance values and the desired chromaticity and luminance values.

Abstract: A display system is provided that reduces electromagnetic emissions of at least one frequency component of a signal in the display system. A signal that drives a display is modulated so that one or more frequency components of the driving signal are attenuated due to the modulation of the signal. In one embodiment, an LCD controller is adapted to provide a modulated row driving signal to an active matrix LCD. The input data source may be adapted to accommodate the modulated display driving signal. Alternatively, a FIFO buffer is used to buffer input data to accommodate the modulated display driving signal. In a further embodiment, a clock modulating circuit is provided to modulate the display driving signal without modifying the display controller.

Abstract: The display includes a light source and a filter positioned to receive light from the light source. The filter has a different wavelength characteristic depending upon an angle of incidence of light thereon. The angle of incidence is adjustable. The display can be utilized in an avionic display system with night vision equipment. The wavelength characteristic can be a cutoff wavelength characteristic.

Abstract: The invention provides polyamides suitable for modulating cellular or viral gene expression by binding to an identified target DNA sequence adjacent to the binding site of a minor groove transcription factor protein. The polyamides of the present invention are useful for the treatment of a human infected with a virus such as HIV-1. The polyamides of the present invention are also useful for the treatment of conditions, such as cancers, that result from the expression or over-expression of cellular genes, particularly oncogenes.

Abstract: A display includes a light source and a filter positioned to receive light from the light source. An electronically controlled mirror can direct light through the filter in a first mode of operation and not through the filter in a second mode of operation. The display can be utilized in an avionics display system with night vision equipment. The electronically controlled mirror can be a reversible electrochemical mirror (REM).

Abstract: An LCD heater having independent closed loop control over heating for a plurality of zones on the display, wherein each zone has a relatively homogeneous heat dissipation or heat sinking properties and one of the zones is a central region of the display which is heated by an ITO film and has its temperature sensed, by a transparent sensor, at a central point within the viewable section of the LCD.

Abstract: Disclosed are a flat panel display and a backlight which provides both night vision and day mode backlighting of the flat panel display. The backlight of the flat panel display includes a circuit card and day mode light emitting diodes (LEDs) positioned coplanar with each other on the circuit card. Night vision (NVIS) LEDs are positioned on the circuit card coplanar with the day mode LEDs. An optical wave-guide is positioned in front of the day mode LEDs and the NVIS LEDs and is adapted to distribute light from the day mode LEDs and from the NVIS LEDs forward away from the LEDs and the circuit card.

Abstract: The column driver for a liquid crystal display (LCD) provides separate analog signals to each color element associated with the pixel. For example, a separate analog signal is provided to a red element, a blue element, and a green element. The driver circuit receives a digital signal representative of the gray scale voltage and provides the analog signal through a switch matrix to each color element. The driver circuit reduces undesirable color shifts as gray scale values are varied.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring the performance of a liquid-crystal display driver is described. The monitoring apparatus includes an analog feedback stage comprising an array of analog switches including a single switch for each output of the display driver wherein the output of each switch is connected to a single feedback line. A control circuit selectably actuates any of the switches such that the corresponding display driver output line is connected to the feedback line. The signal at any selected display driver output line may be monitored to ensure proper functioning thereof. The performance of the display drivers and supporting circuitry may be thereby monitored.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for charging select pixel elements of an active matrix liquid crystal display to gray scale voltage levels is disclosed. Which of the pixel elements of the display are to be charged to a first gray scale voltage level is determined. During a scan of the row conductors for the first gray scale voltage level, pixel elements in each enabled row which are to be charged to the first gray scale voltage level are selected. After completion of the scan for the first gray scale voltage level, all of the selected pixel elements in the display are simultaneously charged to the first gray scale voltage level.

Abstract: Laboratory non-human animals in which the immune system of a donor is induced in and thrives in vivo and expresses the immune response of the donor animal in a recipient non-human animal of a different species than the donor, and wherein malignant immune system cells of the donor can be induced in the recipient non-human animal by injection of non-malignant donor into the recipient are disclosed.

Abstract: A wide viewing angle liquid crystal display and method of operating the same are disclosed. Each of a plurality of pixel elements of the display have individually driveable first and second pixel sub-elements. A desired average gray scale intensity for a first pixel element is determined. First and second drive voltages are determined as a function of the desired average gray scale intensity for the first pixel element. The first drive voltage is provided to the first pixel sub-element to drive it to a first gray scale intensity. The second drive voltage is provided to the second pixel sub-element to drive it to a second gray scale intensity. The average gray scale intensity for the first pixel element, which is a function of the first and second gray scale intensities, has reduced viewing angle dependence.

Abstract: A system for customizing the ramp voltage pulses used to drive an active matrix liquid crystal display. The customized ramp voltage compensates for brightness problems associated with any number of parameters. The V (ramp) also can allow for customized dimming of portions of the display. The standard V (ramp) is replaced with a variable wave form correlated to the timing of the driving of the LCD. The wave form can compensate for changes in brightness caused by off axis viewing angle or can compensate for brightness changes caused by temperature. Also, the system is directed to spatially modulating brightness of pixels for an active matrix LCD to correct color or brightness problems. A driving voltage wave form, which is varied as a function of location on LCD and grey scale is generated to cause selected sets of pixels to be adjusted from an instructed grey scale.

Abstract: Laboratory non-human animals in which the immune system of a human donor is induced in and thrives in vivo and expresses the immune response of the human donor in a recipient non-human animal, and wherein malignant immune system cells of the human donor can be induced in the recipient non-human animal by injection of non-malignant donor cells into the recipient are disclosed.

Abstract: A starburst processor for providing dot flare and for use with a system having a means for generating graphic data for a set of logical pixels to be displayed on a display having a set of physical pixels. The starburst processor receives a set of commanded intensity values which has a one-to-one correspondence with the set of logical pixels. The system provides the set of commanded intensity values for the graphic data to be displayed. The starburst processor provides a set of actual intensity values which have a one-to-one correspondence with the set of physical pixels, each selected actual intensity value being a function of commanded intensity values for a predetermined neighborhood of logical pixels including a selected logical pixel corresponding to the selected actual intensity value. The neighborhood is a set of logical pixels which correspond to the set of commanded intensity values.

Abstract: An encoder system and technique is disclosed for providing greater resolution for position indications. The encoder includes multiple small absolute encoders coupled through a fixed gear ratio to provide an increase in the number of positions which may be absolutely resolved by the encoder without a significant increase in the size of the encoder. The resulting configuration produces a size which is the sum of the individual sizes of the multiple encoders but produces a resolution which is proportional to a multiplication of the individual encoder positions. The resulting encoder provides an absolute indication of position without the requirement for knowledge of the previous position or a predetermined rotation prior to position indication.