Abstract: An electrosurgical generator includes an RF output stage, a current sensor, a voltage sensor, first and second log amplifiers, and a controller. The RF output stage is configured to supply electrosurgical energy to tissue. The current sensor is configured to sense a current of the electrosurgical energy and generate a current signal corresponding to the current of the electrosurgical energy. The first log amplifier is configured to amplify and compress the current signal. The voltage sensor is configured to sense a voltage of the electrosurgical energy and generate a voltage signal in response thereto. The second log amplifier is configured to amplify and compress the voltage signal. The controller is configured to receive the amplified voltage signal and the amplified current signal and operatively control the generation of the electrosurgical energy as a function of the amplified voltage signal and the amplified current signal.

Abstract: A method for controlling an electrosurgical generator configured to apply energy to tissue as a function of a detected tissue property is contemplated by the present disclosure. The method includes the step of applying energy to the tissue in a first state, wherein the first state is configured to adjust the power output of the generator to continuously achieve peak tissue conductance as a function of the detected tissue property. The method also includes the step of monitoring a trend of the at least one detected tissue property indicative of a bubble field formation during a second state, which is running concurrently with the first state. The second state is configured to interrupt the bubble field to collapse the bubble field based on the trend of the at least one detected tissue property.

Abstract: A method for controlling energy applied to tissue in two or more states as a function of a detected tissue property is provided. The method includes the steps of: determining an initial value of the detected tissue property, recursively processing the detected tissue property to obtain an averaged value thereof, updating the recursively processing step with the initial value of the detected tissue property and transitioning between two or more states based on a comparison of averaged values obtained by two or more recursive filters.

Abstract: An initialization module in a pulse oximeter accommodates a variety of different probes and a variety of operating parameters as well as providing for interrogation of various probe circuits for detection of probe faults. Probe fault detection for the red and infrared LED circuits of the probe is implemented using an adaptive algorithm that is dependent on the drive settings or signals applied to the LED circuits. A configurable circuit is used to provide multiple initialization values relating to a calibration circuit of the probe for improved fault detection. Additionally, potential faults with respect to the photodetector circuit of a probe are identified based on monitoring drawn by an output by the photodetector.

Abstract: A method for controlling an electrosurgical generator configured to apply energy to tissue as a function of a detected tissue property is contemplated by the present disclosure. The method includes the step of applying energy to the tissue in a first state, wherein the first state is configured to adjust the power output of the generator to continuously achieve peak tissue conductance as a function of the detected tissue property. The method also includes the step of monitoring a trend of the at least one detected tissue property indicative of a bubble field formation during a second state, which is running concurrently with the first state. The second state is configured to interrupt the bubble field to collapse the bubble field based on the trend of the at least one detected tissue property.

Abstract: A method for controlling energy applied to tissue in two or more states as a function of a detected tissue property is provided. The method includes the steps of: determining an initial value of the detected tissue property, recursively processing the detected tissue property to obtain an averaged value thereof, updating the recursively processing step with the initial value of the detected tissue property and transitioning between two or more states based on a comparison of averaged values obtained by two or more recursive filters.

Abstract: A pulse oximetry method and system for improved motion correction is disclosed. The method/system provides for the use of a detector output signal to obtain a different plurality of differential absorption data sets in corresponding relation to each of a succession of measurement, wherein each of the data sets includes differential absorption values for light of a first wavelength and light of a second wavelength. The data sets are processed to obtain a relative motion estimate value for each measurement. When the relative motion estimate value for a given measurement falls within a predetermined range (i.e., corresponding with clinical motion), a corresponding blood analyte indicator value is adjusted in a predetermined manner, wherein the corresponding adjusted blood analyte indicator is employable to obtain at least one blood analyte concentration value. In one embodiment, blood analyte indicator values may be readily multiplied by a predetermined adjustment factor (i.e.

Abstract: A pulse oximetry method and system for improved motion correction is disclosed. The method/system provides for the use of a detector output signal to obtain a different plurality of differential absorption data sets in corresponding relation to each of a succession of measurement, wherein each of the data sets includes differential absorption values for light of a first wavelength and light of a second wavelength. The data sets are processed to obtain a relative motion estimate value for each measurement. When the relative motion estimate value for a given measurement falls within a predetermined range (i.e., corresponding with clinical motion), a corresponding blood analyte indicator value is adjusted in a predetermined manner, wherein the corresponding adjusted blood analyte indicator is employable to obtain at least one blood analyte concentration value. In one embodiment, blood analyte indicator values may be readily multiplied by a predetermined adjustment factor (i.e.

Abstract: A system for detecting sensor off conditions in a pulse oximeter is disclosed. In one implementation, a detector off condition is identified based a volatility of a signal quality of a filtered detector signal. The detector signal is first filtered, for example, to reduce the effects of noise or to otherwise reduce or eliminate components extraneous to the signal of interest. The filtered signal is used to perform a volatility measurement. In this regard, a correlation coefficient may be computed relative to two channels of the filtered signal and a correlation coefficient may be monitored over a moving window to calculate variance values for the correlation coefficient. The resulting variance values may be used alone or in combination with other parameter values to identify a sensor off condition.

Abstract: An improved system for detecting sensor off conditions in a pulse oximeter is disclosed. In one implementation, a detector off condition is identified based a volatility of a signal quality of a filtered detector signal. The detector signal is first filtered, for example, to reduce the effects of noise or to otherwise reduce or eliminate components extraneous to the signal of interest. The filtered signal is used to perform a volatility measurement. In this regard, a correlation coefficient may be computed relative to two channels of the filtered signal and a correlation coefficient may be monitored over a moving window to calculate variance values for the correlation coefficient. The resulting variance values may be used alone or in combination with other parameter values to identify a sensor off condition.

Abstract: A pulse oximetry method and system for improved motion correction is disclosed. The method/system provides for the use of a detector output signal to obtain a different plurality of differential absorption data sets in corresponding relation to each of a succession of measurement, wherein each of the data sets includes differential absorption values for light of a first wavelength and light of a second wavelength. The data sets are processed to obtain a relative motion estimate value for each measurement. When the relative motion estimate value for a given measurement falls within a predetermined range (i.e., corresponding with clinical motion), a corresponding blood analyte indicator value is adjusted in a predetermined manner, wherein the corresponding adjusted blood analyte indicator is employable to obtain at least one blood analyte concentration value. In one embodiment, blood analyte indicator values may be readily multiplied by a predetermined adjustment factor (i.e.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for identifying one anesthetic agent contained in an anesthetic gas sample as the primary anesthetic agent and for identifying a second anesthetic agent as the secondary anesthetic agent is based on the use of minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). The primary agent is identified as the anesthetic agent which has the highest percent of its MAC at its measured volume concentration. The secondary agent is identified as the anesthetic agent which has the second highest percentage of its MAC at its measured volume concentration. Certain minimum threshold levels must be met before an anesthetic agent is identified either as the primary or secondary agent.

Abstract: A general safe retract and return function is provided for a machine tool which is easily programmed for all cases to avoid collision and interference between the workpiece and tool and to reduce the damage or imperfection in the surface of the machined workpiece caused by the termination and/or resumption of machining. The general safe retract and return function includes parameters defining incremental retract and entry vectors relative to the direction of the machining path in the region of the interrupted point. Preferably the tool and workpiece are reengaged at the interrupted point along an entry ventor which is at a grazing angle with respect to the reverse of the tool feed direction along the machining path, thereby avoiding remachining of the workpieces but providing a smooth surface finish.