Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode assembly, a battery, and a battery pack and a vehicle including the same. In the electrode assembly, a first electrode, a second electrode, and a separator interposed therebetween are wound based on an axis to define a core and an outer circumference. The first electrode includes an uncoated portion at a long side end thereof and exposed out of the separator along a winding axis direction of the electrode assembly. A part of the uncoated portion is bent in a radial direction of the electrode assembly to form a bending surface region that includes overlapping layers of the uncoated portion, and in a partial region of the bending surface region, the number of stacked layers of the uncoated portion is 10 or more in the winding axis direction of the electrode assembly.

Abstract: An electrode assembly, a battery, a battery pack and a vehicle including the same are provided. In the electrode assembly, the uncoated portion of an electrode includes a segment region divided into a plurality of segments, and the segment region includes a plurality of segment groups separated by a group separation pitch along a winding direction. One end of the electrode assembly includes a plurality of segment alignments. In winding turns corresponding to the plurality of segment alignments, group separation pitches of segment groups disposed in a same winding turn are substantially identical, and separation pitches of the segment groups is greater in a winding turn of a region adjacent to the outer circumference of the electrode assembly than in a winding turn of a region adjacent to the core of the electrode assembly.

Abstract: A communication processing device in a booth computer of a toll collecting system includes a communication firmware portion for transmitting data to and receiving data from a predetermined number of lane controllers which control equipments installed respectively in toll collection lanes and detecting and correcting errors in communication, a lane controller interface for analyzing the data transmitted from the communication firmware portion, distributing the data to various processing devices in the booth computer, and transmitting predetermined commands and data from the processing devices in the booth computer to the lane controllers through the communication firmware portion, a lower interface operating state managing portion for receiving commands on a communication operation from a user, controlling a communication state, and providing the result to the user, and a booth controller interface for transmitting to a booth controller initializing data representing the state of each lane, booth control data

Abstract: A technique for showing running time by sections for a tollway includes: a unit toll collector installed at a unit toll gate of a tollway for calculating a running time of vehicles leaving the unit toll gate for each entrance toll gate; indicators installed at main points of the tollway for indicating running time by sections; and a traffic control center connected to the unit toll collector and a predetermined communication network for receiving the running time of vehicles for each entrance toll gate, averaging it to obtain the overall running time by sections, and outputting it to the indicators.

Abstract: A toll collecting system having a lock-type management for toll collection of vehicles in a toll road such as an express way. The mixed lock-type toll collecting system includes an on-board unit installed in a vehicle which enters an entrance gate and exits an exit gate of the toll road, for toll collection by radio communication; an entrance lane device installed at the entrance gate for transmitting entrance information to the vehicle which enters the entrance gate; an exit lane device installed at the exit gate for collecting the toll from the vehicle which exits the exit gate; and a central control device for controlling the entrance lane device and the exit lane device for toll collection of the vehicle which enters the entrance gate and exits the exit lane of the toll road. A radio communicator is used to provide entrance information to the vehicle by radio communication at the entrance gate for subsequent toll collection upon exit in case radio communication can be performed.