Abstract: An embossing machine wherein two driven embossing rolls are provided with ripheral knobs and depressions. The knobs of one roll extend with clearance into the depressions of the other roll and vice versa during travel of the knobs and depressions through the nip of the rolls. The clearances between the top lands of knobs and adjacent portions of internal surfaces bounding the respective depressions are smaller than the clearances between the flanks of the knobs and the adjacent portions of the respective internal surfaces. This ensures that a carpet of loose fibrous material which is fed into the nip is converted into embossed textile material having a first layer of compacted portions which are formed adjacent the top lands of knobs on one of the rolls, a second layer of compacted portions which are formed adjacent the top lands of knobs on the other roll, and fluffy intermediate portions which connect the compacted portions forming one of the layers with compacted portions of the other layer.

Abstract: A roller for heat- and/or solvent-treatment of fibrous materials has circumferentially extending annuli or spirally arranged rows of coherent or discrete neighboring protrusions each of which has a larger frustopyramidal section nearer to and a smaller frustopyramidal section more distant from the peripheral surface of the cylindrical body of the roller. The taper of facets of the smaller frustopyramidal sections is less pronounced than the taper of the facets of the larger sections, and the distance between the bases of two neighboring larger sections is less than half the height of a protrusion. The top lands of the smaller sections are relatively large and, due to the less pronounced taper of the facets of such smaller sections, the top lands can be reground a large number of times without unduly increasing their areas so that the rate of transfer of heat from the cylindrical body to the top lands and thence to the adjacent fibers is not unduly affected by repeated grinding.