Abstract: An evaluation device includes a holder that holds the radio communication module, a measurement antenna that transmits and receives radio waves for measurement, and a temperature regulator that adjusts a temperature of the radio communication module. The temperature regulator is in direct or in indirect contact with the radio communication module so as to be capable of transferring heat.

Abstract: An evaluation device includes a radio communication module that contains a temperature regulator that adjusts a temperature of a radio communication module to be evaluated, a housing case that houses the radio communication module and the temperature regulator, a gas supplier that supplies dry gas inside the housing case, and a measurement antenna that is disposed so as to face the radio communication module, and that transmits and receives radio waves for measurement. The housing case includes a case main body and a shutter plate that closes an opening of the case main body. The shutter plate is formed of a dielectric foam material, and the shutter plate is capable of contacting and separating from an open edge of the case main body. At least a part of the shutter plate separates from the open edge of the case main body to release gas from inside the housing case when an inner pressure of the housing case is greater than or equal to a predetermined value.

Abstract: A heat transfer device including a sealed container, a base layer, formed on the bottom face of the container, and a wick is provided. The wick has a plurality of projections protruding upward from the base layer. A fluid is encapsulated in the container. The heat transfer device further includes a guide unit arranged on an inner face of the container, which guides the liquid to the wick.

Abstract: A heat transfer device including a sealed container, a base layer, formed on the bottom face of the container, and a wick is provided. The wick has a plurality of projections protruding upward from the base layer. A fluid is encapsulated in the container. The heat transfer device further includes a guide unit arranged on an inner face of the container, which guides the liquid to the wick.

Abstract: A heat transfer device including a sealed container, a base layer, formed on the bottom face of the container, and a wick is provided. The wick has a plurality of projections protruding upward from the base layer. A fluid is encapsulated in the container. The heat transfer device further includes a guide unit arranged on an inner face of the container, which guides the liquid to the wick.

Abstract: A heat transfer device including a sealed container, a base layer, formed on the bottom face of the container, and a wick is provided. The wick has a plurality of projections protruding upward from the base layer. A fluid is encapsulated in the container. The heat transfer device further includes a guide unit arranged on an inner face of the container, which guides the liquid to the wick.

Abstract: A sheet transport system for an image-forming apparatus including a scanner unit on an upper part of an image-forming unit. A paper ejecting path ejects an image formed paper sheet to an ejected paper stacker via the image-forming unit. The paper ejecting path includes a straight sheet feeding path and a turn-around sheet feeding path. A scanning sheet path conveys an original document through an original document platform to a scanned paper stacker via the scanner unit. A sheet path selector selects one of the paper ejecting path or scanning sheet path, the scanning sheet path and the paper ejecting path crossing each other. A manual paper ejecting path selector allows manually selecting one of the straight sheet feeding path and the turn-around sheet feeding path.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus, a developing device operable with toner or single component type developer has a hard first developing roller and a soft second developing roller. Fine magnetic N-S poles are formed on the periphery of the first roller. The second roller conveys the toner, electrostatically transferred thereto from the first roller, to an image carrier. The device frees a toner image from deterioration due to toner particles charged to a polarity opposite to an expected polarity. The toner forms a uniform thin layer on the first roller and is uniformly charged. Toner for use with this type of developing device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A sheet transport system for an image-forming apparatus including a scanner unit on an upper part of an image-forming unit. A paper ejecting path ejects an image formed paper sheet to an ejected paper stacker via the image-forming unit. A scanning sheet path conveys an original document through an original document platform to a scanned paper stacker via the scanner unit. A sheet path selector selects one of the paper ejecting path or scanning sheet path, the scanning sheet path and the paper ejecting path crossing each other.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic image recording apparatus of the type using a single-ingredient type developer, i.e., toner, a latent image is electrostatically formed on a photoconductive drum or similar image carrier. A developing unit has a developing roller for conveying the toner deposited thereon, and an intermediate roller for conveying the toner transferred thereto from the developing roller and depositing it on the latent image to thereby produce a corresponding toner image. An image transfer unit transfers the toner image to a cut sheet. During the development of an area of the image carrier other than a latent image area, at least one of biases assigned to the developing roller and intermediate roller, respectively, is switched over to thereby form an electric field different in direction from an electric field assigned to the formation of the toner image between the two rollers. As a result, the toner existing on the intermediate roller is collected by the developing roller.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic image forming apparatus of the type using single-ingredient type high resistance toner, a developing roller or similar toner conveyor roller is covered with a dielectric layer which is comparatively thick at opposite end portions than at an intermediate portion. A conductive or semiconductive elastic layer underlies the dielectric layer. With the above configuration, the dielectric layer is prevented from coming off the roller. This, coupled with the fact that the elastic layer does not contact a photoconductive element, eliminates current leaks and thereby extends the life of the roller and photoconductive element.

Abstract: A sheet feeding device for feeding sheets from a tray one by one and an image forming apparatus having the same are disclosed. A tray loaded with a stack of sheets, a separating member for separating a sheet paid out from the tray from the other sheets, and a driven conveyor roller are sequentially arranged around a single pick-up roller. With this arrangement, it is possible to reduce to a load to act on the sheet being conveyed by the pick-up roller and conveyor roller, and to prevent accidental continuous feed or simultaneous feed of a plurality of sheets.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus, a developing device operable with toner or single component type developer has a hard first developing roller and a soft second developing roller. Fine magnetic N-S poles are formed on the periphery of the first roller. The second roller conveys the toner, electrostatically transferred thereto from the first roller, to an image carrier. The device frees a toner image from deterioration due to toner particles charged to a polarity opposite to an expected polarity. The toner forms a uniform thin layer on the first roller and is uniformly charged. Toner for use with this type of developing device is also disclosed.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic recording apparatus of the type using a single-ingredient type developer, i.e., toner, a developing device has a developing roller for conveying the toner deposited thereon, and an intermediate roller for conveying the toner transferred theretofrom the developing roller and depositing it on a latent image electrostatically formed on an image carrier to thereby produce a corresponding toner image. During the development of an area of the image carrier other than a latent image area, a bias assigned to the developing roller is switched over to thereby form an electric field different in direction from an electric field assigned to the formation of the toner image between the two rollers. Further, before the rotation of the image carrier is stopped, the bias assigned to the developing roller is again switched in order to form the electric field for the formation of the toner image between the rollers. As a result, a toner layer is formed on the intermediate roller.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus using a corona discharge type charging device and a contact type image transferring device, a toner deposited on a photoconductive element in the form of a black stripe is prevented from being transferred to the image transferring device; otherwise, the toner would be transferred from the image transferring device to the rear of the following recording medium. Because the toner forming the black stripe is limited to the toner charged to a polarity opposite to an expected polarity, toner consumption ascribable to the stripe is reduced.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus, a developing device operable with toner or single component type developer has a hard first developing roller and a soft second developing roller. Fine magnetic N-S poles are formed on the periphery of the first roller. The second roller conveys the toner, electrostatically transferred thereto from the first roller, to an image carrier. The device frees a toner image from deterioration due to toner particles charged to a polarity opposite to an expected polarity. The toner forms a uniform thin layer on the first roller and is uniformly charged. Toner for use with this type of developing device is also disclosed.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a developing device having various components with specific relationships between their lengths. There is an image bearing member such as a photoconductive drum or belt having a photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer has a length A. A first toner transporting roller has two ends, the length between the two ends being defined as B. Additionally, there is a second toner transporting roller, disposed between and contacting both the image bearing member and the first toner transporting roller. The length of the second toner transporting roller being defined as C. The components of the image forming apparatus are constructed such the length of the second toner transporting roller is less than or equal to the lengths of both the first toner transporting roller and the photosensitive layer of the image bearing member. This means that the relationships A>C and B>C may exist. As an alternative, B is approximately equal to C with A being greater than both B and C.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus, a developing device has a first developer carrier for depositing a developer thereon, a regulating member for regulating the amount of the developer deposited on the first developer carrier, and a second developer carrier having an elastic surface, and contacting the first developer carrier while biting into it by a predetermined amount. The developer is provided with a preselected degree of fluidity. Hence, even when the same portion of the surface of the second developer carrier runs a plurality of times past a position where the two developer carriers contact each other without any developer being fed from the second developer carrier to an image carrier, the first developer carrier can surely strip the developer from the second developer carrier. As a result, a developer on which a predetermined amount of charge is deposited is transferred from the first developer carrier to the second developer carrier. This successfully protects images from defects.