Abstract: A cooling system that cools HV equipment includes a compressor that circulates refrigerant, a condenser that condenses the refrigerant, a gas-liquid separator that stores the refrigerant in liquid form that is condensed by the condenser, an expansion valve that reduces a pressure of the refrigerant, an evaporator that vaporizes the refrigerant that is reduced in pressure by the expansion valve, a first passage and a second passage through which the refrigerant flows from the gas-liquid separator toward the expansion valve, and that are provided in parallel, and a cooling portion that is provided along the second passage and cools the heat source using the refrigerant. The refrigerant in liquid form flows from the gas-liquid separator through the second passage.

Abstract: A cooling system includes a compressor that circulates refrigerant; a condenser that condenses the refrigerant; an expansion valve that reduces a pressure of the refrigerant that has been condensed by the condenser; an evaporator that vaporizes the refrigerant that has been reduced in pressure by the expansion valve; a refrigerant passage through which the refrigerant flows from an outlet of the condenser toward an inlet of the expansion valve, and that includes a passage forming portion that forms part of the refrigerant passage; a second passage that is connected in parallel with the passage forming portion; a cooling portion that is provided in the second passage and cools a heat source using the refrigerant; and an expansion valve that is arranged upstream of the cooling portion in the second passage.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus that cools an HV appliance heat source includes: a compressor for circulating a coolant; a condenser for condensing the coolant; an expansion valve that decompresses the coolant that has been condensed by the condenser; an evaporator for evaporating the coolant that has been decompressed by the expansion valve; and a coolant passageway through which the coolant that moves from an outlet of the condenser toward an inlet of the expansion valve flows. The coolant passageway includes a passageway-forming portion that forms a portion of the coolant passageway. The cooling apparatus further includes a coolant passageway that is disposed in parallel with the passageway-forming portion, and that circulates the coolant via the HV appliance heat source.

Abstract: A head cooling path diverges from a backflow path at a position between a radiator and a thermostat and is connected with a cylinder head of an engine by bypassing a cylinder block of the engine. A pump circulates the cooling water through the head cooling path, to the cylinder head, when the engine is operated at a high load and/or a vehicle is in a rapid acceleration, so that sufficiently cooled cooling water is supplied directly to the cylinder head.

Abstract: A head cooling path diverges from a backflow path at a position between a radiator and a thermostat and is connected with a cylinder head of an engine by bypassing a cylinder block of the engine. A pump circulates the cooling water through the head cooling path, to the cylinder head, when the engine is operated at a high load and/or a vehicle is in a rapid acceleration, so that sufficiently cooled cooling water is supplied directly to the cylinder head.

Abstract: There is provided a device for covering a core of a foothold with a synthetic resin capable of certainly and easily holding the core for the foothold in a floating state, enabling one supply passage to supply the synthetic resin so as to cover the outer periphery of the core for the foothold with the synthetic resin, eliminating a surface where the synthetic resins are mixed with each other as made in the prior art, thereby manufacturing a strong foothold. The device comprises a lower mold for holding the core of the foothold, an upper mold for covering the upper portion of the core, wherein a plurality of pins stand upright on the lower mold, which pins are urged by springs at portions corresponding to a tread and leg portions of the foothold, pistons for fixing the core to portions in the vicinity of both ends of the portion corresponding to the tread are provided in the back and forth direction of the core while opposing the core.

Abstract: Cooling water is circulated at small flow rate of 1 to 5 L/min between a bypass passage and an engine without circulating the cooling water in an oil cooler before the warming-up of the engine is completed. After the warming-up is completed, the cooling water is supplied to the oil cooler so that the engine cooling water temperature is maintained at 95° C. to 110° C. Consequently, the no local boiling of the cooling water in the engine occurs to prevent the engine from being deformed locally due to heat. Thus, the warming-up of the engine can be promoted while preventing the heat of the engine from being absorbed by the ATF through the cooling water. After the warming-up is completed, the fuel consumption can be improved by reducing the friction loss of the engine oil.

Abstract: There is provided a cooling system for a liquid-cooled engine wherein the cooling effect exerted by the combination of a pump and a blower is optimized according to the state of the load on the engine so that the necessary cooling effect can be provided by the pump and the blower and that the power consumption can be reduced. In the cooling system, according to the load on the engine, a target cooling water temperature (Tmap) value and a combination of the operation duty ratios of the pump (500) and the blower (230), which produce the target water temperature (Tmap), are formed into a map. In an actual cooling system, when the target water temperature (Tmap) is obtained, the pump and the blower are respectively controlled by the duty ratios so that the sum (Lc) of the power consumptions thereof can be minimized.

Abstract: There is provided a device for covering a core of a foothold with a synthetic resin capable of certainly and easily holding the core for the foothold in a floating state, enabling one supply passage to supply the synthetic resin so as to cover the outer periphery of the core for the foothold with the synthetic resin, eliminating a surface where the synthetic resins are mixed with each other as made in the prior art, thereby manufacturing a strong foothold.

Abstract: In a cooling device for an engine, having a motor-driven pump and a flow rate control valve, to obtain a predetermined discharge flow rate (circulating coolant amount) from the pump 500, a pump duty is minimized while maintaining a water flow resistance as low as possible (maintaining a valve opening degree &thgr; as large as possible). Thereby, a value of an electric current flowing through the pump 500 becomes smaller to decrease the energy consumption (power consumption).

Abstract: Cooling water is circulated at small flow rate of 1 to 5 L/min between a bypass passage and an engine without circulating the cooling water in an oil cooler before the warming-up of the engine is completed. After the warming-up is completed, the cooling water is supplied to the oil cooler so that the engine cooling water temperature is maintained at 95° C. to 110° C. Consequently, the no local boiling of the cooling water in the engine occurs to prevent the engine from being deformed locally due to heat. Thus, the warming-up of the engine can be promoted while preventing the heat of the engine from being absorbed by the ATF through the cooling water. After the warming-up is completed, the fuel consumption can be improved by reducing the friction loss of the engine oil.

Abstract: There is provided a cooling system for a liquid-cooled engine wherein the cooling effect exerted by the combination of a pump and a blower is optimized according to the state of the load on the engine so that the necessary cooling effect can be provided by the pump and the blower and that the power consumption can be reduced. In the cooling system, according to the load on the engine, a target cooling water temperature (Tmap) value and a combination of the operation duty ratios of the pump (500) and the blower (230), which produce the target water temperature (Tmap), are formed into a map. In an actual cooling system, when the target water temperature (Tmap) is obtained, the pump and the blower are respectively controlled by the duty ratios so that the sum (Lc) of the power consumptions thereof can be minimized.

Abstract: The foothold of the manhole, the quay, and the like comprises the tread and side portions continued from and positioned at both sides of the tread, wherein at least the upper surface of the tread is inclined upward from a central portion of the tread toward the side portions at an angle ranging from 1 to 5 degrees.

Abstract: In a cooling device for an engine, having a motor-driven pump and a flow rate control valve, to obtain a predetermined discharge flow rate (circulating coolant amount) from the pump 500, a pump duty is minimized while maintaining a water flow resistance as low as possible (maintaining a valve opening degree &thgr; as large as possible). Thereby, a value of an electric current flowing through the pump 500 becomes smaller to decrease the energy consumption (power consumption).

Abstract: There is provided a foothold comprising a tread, side portions positioned at both ends of the tread, legs to be inserted into a concrete wall, the side portions and the legs extended from the side portions being separated from the tread, rise portions provided at both ends of the tread having horizontal long holes at the upper parts thereof through which one end of each side portion penetrates so as to be fixed, and a plurality of fins provided on the outer peripheries of the legs toward the side portions. The interval between both side portions can be adjusted by fixing side portions in a state where one end of each side portion penetrates each long hole, thereby boring holes for embedding therein in the concrete wall without requiring accuracy, resulting in that the foothold can be easily fixed to the concrete wall, and simplified in construction, so that a safe foothold having the tread from which both feet or foot of a person is not liable to slip can be provided.