Abstract: A distributor injection pump for internal combustion engines includes a high pressure pump for generating fuel injection pressure, a slide valve for defining fuel amounts to be injected and a piezoelectric adjustment member which actuates via a control chamber filled with fuel the slide of the slide valve. To prevent fomation of bubbles in the control chamber a rinsing conduit is provided, connected to the control chamber to rinse the latter. The rinsing conduit includes one portion connected to a fuel supply line and the other portion connected to a fuel return line leading to a fuel container.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an arrangement for controlling the quantity of fuel to be injected into an internal combustion engine. The arrangement includes at least one electrically operated control device determining the beginning and/or the end and/or the duration of the injection of fuel into the internal combustion engine. The electrically operated control device is influenced in dependence on its own control response. The arrangement of the invention thus makes it possible to correct the error resulting from variations in the pickup and dropout times of the electrically operated control device. Embodiments are described which take into account static and dynamic variations of the control response of the electrically operated control device.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing solid particles from internal combustion engine exhaust gases is proposed, in which the flow of exhaust gas travels at a high speed of more than 2.5 m/sec through an elongated tube (4), in which a corona discharge takes place from a coaxial spray disk/electrode arrangement toward the wall of the tube. Inside the tube, the soot particles are agglomerated to form larger particles, which are not deposited on the walls because of the high flow speed, which then carries them to a centrifugal precipitator, leading away from which are a tube carrying scrubbed exhaust gas and an outlet having a small quantity of exhaust gas highly enriched with soot. This soot-enriched flow of exhaust gas can advantageously be recirculated to the intake side of the associated engine for afterburning.

Abstract: An exhaust gas return control system for internal combustion engines is proposed, which includes an apparatus case 19 in which a servo motor 45 is disposed, which through a driving gear 47 and a driven gear 36 drives a threaded spindle 35 on which an exhaust gas valve closing member 41 is disposed which cooperates with an exhaust gas valve seat 27 on a tubular exhaust gas valve seat body 24. The apparatus case has on the side of the servo motor an air inlet of an air duct 13, 15 leading to the air induction pipe 2 of the internal combustion engine and, on the exhaust gas valve side, an exit from this air duct through which the proportionally fed exhaust gas is also led. A guiding collar 44 diverts the entry of the exhaust gas to an exhaust pipe 30 provided for the purpose.

Abstract: To control the fuel injection pressure, in particular in high-pressure injection in self-igniting internal combustion engines, the pumping or supply phase of a cam-driven, intermittently operating pump piston of a fuel injection pump is determined by the closing time of a relief-metering valve and controlled in such a manner that the closing of the relief-metering valve for the supply onset (FB) is earlier, by the amount .DELTA..alpha., than the opening of control valves by way of which the fuel pumped by the pump piston is supplied to the individual injection locations. By means of the initial pumping amount or pre-stroke (.DELTA.h or .DELTA..alpha.), fuel is pumped into a closed system, and the injection pressure present at the injection valve at the instant of the opening (SB) is thus controlled.

Abstract: To modify engine operation and reduce the tendency of the engine to knock or ping, a knocking signal is generated which is representative of knocking intensity and/or frequency of knocking occurrence, and compared with a permissible knocking signal. The result of the comparison is utilized to change an operating parameter of the engine, for example by injecting a fluid, e.g. water, into the engine, changing charge pressure, for example of a turbocharger or the like. The permissible engine knock signal can be modified in accordance with an engine operating parameter, for example at low temperature, or low speed, the permissible knocking limit can be raised since the damaging effect of knocking at low temperature or low speed is less than under different operating conditions.

Abstract: The internal combustion engine has at least one combustion chamber, an inlet conduit leading to it, and an adjustable means for varying flows of a medium, such as air or a fuel-air mixture, flowing into the combustion chamber for the sake of an optimized acceleration of curves defined by the process of combustion, so that economical engine operation is attained while producing as little in the way of toxic exhaust gas components as possible. An adjusting motor acting upon the means is controlled by a regulator, which is connected via a comparator with a set-point value transducer and an actual-value transducer. The actual-value transducer includes an optoelectric sensor connected to the combustion chamber for measuring the curves of combustion. The set-point value transducer indicates a set-point value for optimal curves of combustion, and the regulator, via the adjustable means, reduces any difference that may exist between the set-point value and the actual value.

Abstract: A method for injecting fuel directly into a given combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine with externally supplied ignition in which the supply of air to the combustion chambers may be either throttled or unthrottled. To assure unobjectionable operation both at partial load and under full load, the fuel is introduced during partial-load operation with a large air excess, forming a layered charge, in the vicinity of the ignition location at a time immediately prior to the instant of ignition, while at full-load operation, in order to attain maximum power and soot-free combustion by means of a homogeneous fuel-air mixture, the supply of fuel takes place during the intake stroke of the engine piston defining the combustion chamber. In order to perform this method, a distributor-type fuel injection pump is provided, in which either one distributor opening or another distributor opening of two distributor openings comes into effective operation.

Abstract: To permit adjustment of the combination sparkplug-optical sensor for heat transfer upon operation of the sensor-sparkplug combination as a sparkplug, in accordance with known sparkplug technology, the insulator of the sparkplug is formed with a central opening in which a material is included which is electrically conductive and providing for controlled heat transfer, for example a packing or a mixture of aluminum oxide with a conductive powder, such as graphite, aluminum, or copper; or, alternatively, sheet metal elements may be located therein providing controlled radial engagement around a central glass rod forming the optical sensor and the inner wall of the opening and the insulator (FIG. 2); or, alternatively, axially resilient elements, such as a bellows-like corrugated metal element (FIG. 3) or a stack of spring disks (FIG. 4) may be positioned in the opening, axially biased by screwing the connecting terminal (10) into a tapped opening of the insulator.

Abstract: A slip clutch for transmitting torque between a drive motor having an output member and a generator having an input member has a transmitting element including a spring element with a friction element, and a ventilator is connected with one of the members for joint rotation therewith. The ventilator may be mounted on one of two housing parts which together form an oil-containing chamber.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an arrangement for controlling an internal combustion engine equipped with glow plugs. The arrangement includes a heat-control circuit for controlling the temperature of the glow plug and an ancillary control circuit which can be a fuel control circuit for example. The ancillary control circuit takes over from the heat-control circuit for the purpose of controlling the ignition time point of the mixture when the temperature-control has reached its limit. A comparator is provided to monitor the heat-control circuit and to activate the ancillary control circuit if necessary.

Abstract: The linearity of response of a polarographic sensor, of the diffusion-limited current type, having a solid electrolyte (1) and being particularly adapted for measuring oxygen content in exhaust gases from combustion processes, is improved by providing the anode (2b) of the sensor's first, measuring cell with a constant, internal supply of reference oxygen. Preventing the oxygen concentration at the anode (2b) from fluctuating eliminates a non-linearity which would otherwise occur in the plot of oxygen concentration versus diffusion-limited current, as the fuel/air ratio of the mixture being combusted passes 1.The oxygen supply takes the form of a second, pumping cell (3a,3b) which can utilize the same solid electrolyte layer (1) as the first cell, and which pumps oxygen ions across the electrolyte to the second cell's anode (3b), where they become oxygen molecules and are directed through a duct (8) to the measuring cell's anode (2b).

Abstract: To provide for extremely short valve operating time periods, in the order of up to 10.sup.-5 seconds, for example, a valve element (3, 33, 53, 63, 73, 93) is slidable within a bore (2, 52), movable by a spring (10, 60) or by applied hydraulic pressure (P), and restrained from movement by an electrical positioning element (14, 44, 45, 94) which has a positioning movement transverse to the movement of the valve element, and which clamps the valve element in the bore, or an extending flap or strip (34) against a counter element, which may be another positioning element (45). Preferably, and for fast operation, the positioning element (14) is a stack or column (15) of piezoelectric disks (16) which, when energized, push a stem or bolt element (13) in clamping direction towards the valve stem; alternatively, (FIG. 6), the positioning element (94) can be a solenoid coil pushing the armature (93) thereof into clamping direction towards the valve stem.

Abstract: An elongated plate element, for example of aluminum oxide, or a metal plate which is coated with an insulator such as aluminum oxide, is retained within a hollow spark plug insulator (15) by a sealing mass (38), for example a sinter compound, sintering together the plate element (37) and the insulator body (35). The plate element carries a strip or conductive track layer electrode (25) thereon, located, for example, on one major surface of the plate; at the ignition end, the plate may have a through-hole (52), plated through, so that the ignition electrode will have conductive portions at both sides of the plate, faced by ground electrode portions which likewise can be retained on plate-like carrier elements, and connected to the metal housing (11) of the spark plug via conductive tracks (60, 61) and a conductive sealing ring (17").

Abstract: To remove solid particles such as soot, aerosols, and the like, from the exhaust gas of an internal combustion (IC) engine, for example a Diesel engine, the solid particles and aerosols are first charged in an electrostatic field which is generated between a solid surface (2), preferably cylindrical, and pointed discharge elements, typically electrostatic spray disks (3). The solid particles will adhere together, and to the surface, to form--with respect to the original dust and soot particles and aerosols, large area flakes and agglomerates which are carried along by the gas flow, and are then separated out in a mechanical separator (7, 15, ).

Abstract: A device is proposed for the supply of operating air-fuel mixtures including exhaust gases to internal combustion engines. Between the opening periods of the inlet valves of an internal combustion engine, precisely dispensed quantities of recirculated exhaust gas are pre-stored in the intake channel directly upstream of the inlet valve whereby a stratification of exhaust gas and fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber of the engine is obtained.

Abstract: An apertured shield is disclosed having spring tongues, pointing radially inwards, each of the tongues having two lateral limiting edges and a longitudinal extent terminating in an irregular edge all of which edges define together an aperture. Adjacent spring tongues are overlapped in an area on the limiting edges, and are connected together at the circumference of the shield by being flanged into a retainer ring. The apertured shield is disposed in close proximity to the injection valve to cause a turbulence with superimposed spin flow of the medium flowing into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An apparatus is proposed for detecting operating characteristics of an internal combustion engine. It has an optical sensor whose output signal is delivered to an amplifier with a variable transmission behavior. As a result, it is possible to have either a stepped or a continuous adaptation of the sensor sensitivity to various operational points of the engine. It is particularly proposed that the amplification for the measurement signal be selected to be high in the case of an opto-electrical combustion chamber observation in a low load range, while it is selected to be low in a high load range, so that relatively equalized measurement results are available for use.

Abstract: An incandescent ignition arrangement for an internal combustion engine is combined with a fuel-injection device and has an ignition chamber formed as an annular space coaxial with and surrounding the fuel-injection device, an overflow passage rising toward a reference plane extending normal to the longitudinal axis of the fuel-injection device and having a component which extends tangentially to a periphery of the annular space and is open into the latter, and the overflow passage extends to the reference plane at an angle selected such that an extension of the axis of the overflow passage lies inside a fuel injected from the fuel-injection device, and the arrangement has an electrically heatable ignition element lying inside the contour of the ignition chamber.

Abstract: To provide for extremely fast response of positioning of a positioned element (3) operating within a guide bore (2) formed in a housing (1), upon application of a force, for example by loading of a spring (14), the element (3) is a hollow body (4) within which a stack assembly (5) of piezoelectric disks (6) is located, the piezoelectric disks expanding or contracting under application of electrical energy from a cable (11) against an elastomer disk or cushion (9) which, consequently, will elastically expand the side walls of the body (4) to clamp the element (3) in the guide bore (2) and permit release, for example, at time of maximum applied force to result in abrupt, sudden high operating force and acceleration of the positioned element. Positioning times of between 10 to 100 microseconds can be obtained.