Abstract: A method of screening a hydrocarbon stream for potential toxicological hazards. The method involves providing a hydrocarbon stream; conducting 2-dimensional gas chromatography (2D-GC) analysis to quantify saturates and aromatic distribution in the hydrocarbon stream; identifying 2-8 ring aromatic distribution and weight percentage of 2-8 ring aromatic molecules in the hydrocarbon stream from the 2D-GC analysis; relating the weight percentage of 2-8 ring aromatic molecules in the hydrocarbon stream from the 2D-GC analysis to a mutagenicity index (MI), in which the MI is determined in accordance with ASTM Standard Method E 1687; and assessing a potential toxicological hazard of the hydrocarbon stream based on the weight percentage of 2-8 ring aromatic molecules in the hydrocarbon stream from the 2D-GC analysis and a MI threshold value. The 2-8 ring aromatic distribution preferably includes 3-6 ring aromatics, more preferably 3.5-5.5 ring aromatics.

Abstract: A lubricant base oil is provided. The lubricant base oil has a low temperature property determined using a stepwise regression of carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy peak values. A method of selecting candidate lubricant base oils, or mixtures thereof, having acceptable low temperature performance is also provided. An online method of blending a lubricant base oil and a finished lubricant are also provided.

Abstract: Methods are provided for designing a blending component for making a plurality of lubricant products that contain the designed blending component. This can be accomplished by first determining a plurality of manufacturability index values for each desired lubricant product for a family of proposed blending components. The manufacturing index values can then be used to construct a manufacturability window for each lubricant product. The manufacturability windows for each lubricant product can then be analyzed to determine regions of overlap, if any, where a proposed blending component can be used with an increased likelihood to formulate each of the desired products. Alternatively, manufacturability windows can be used to determine suitability of pre-existing blending components for formulation of desired products.

Abstract: A method of screening a hydrocarbon stream for potential toxicological hazards. The method involves providing a hydrocarbon stream; conducting 2-dimensional gas chromatography (2D-GC) analysis to quantify saturates and aromatic distribution in the hydrocarbon stream; identifying 2-8 ring aromatic distribution and weight percentage of 2-8 ring aromatic molecules in the hydrocarbon stream from the 2D-GC analysis; relating the weight percentage of 2-8 ring aromatic molecules in the hydrocarbon stream from the 2D-GC analysis to a mutagenicity index (MI), in which the MI is determined in accordance with ASTM Standard Method E 1687; and assessing a potential toxicological hazard of the hydrocarbon stream based on the weight percentage of 2-8 ring aromatic molecules in the hydrocarbon stream from the 2D-GC analysis and a MI threshold value. The 2-8 ring aromatic distribution preferably includes 3-6 ring aromatics, more preferably 3.5-5.5 ring aromatics.

Abstract: Provided are high viscosity high quality Group II lube base stocks with improved properties produced by an integrated hydrocracking and dewaxing process. In one form, the Group II lube base stock includes greater than or equal to 90 wt. % saturates, and less than 10 wt. % aromatics, and has an aromatic performance ratio between 1.0 and 5.0. Also provided are lubricant formulations including the high viscosity high quality Group II lube base stock.

Abstract: Provided are lubricant compositions from renewable biological sources with improved properties and methods of making and using such compositions. In one form, the lubricant composition includes from 20 to 99.8 wt. % of a lube base stock produced from a renewable biological source and an effective amount of one or more lubricant additives. The lube base stock includes 10 to 35 wt. % paraffins, 40 to 70 wt. % 1-ring naphthenes, and 0 to 40 wt. % combined 2-ring naphthenes and aromatics, and has a ratio of 1-ring naphthenes to paraffins from 1.8 to 5.0, and a Viscosity Index of from 100 to 160. The lube base stock has a 14C level ranging from 2 to 101% of the modern day 14C level in the atmosphere, and yields a CCS ratio of less than or equal to 0.85 at ?35° C. The lubricant compositions exhibit improved solvency and % thickening when blended with a viscosity modifier.

Abstract: Provided are lube base stocks produced from renewable biological sources with improved low temperature properties. In one form, the lube base stock includes from 10 to 35 wt. % paraffins, 40 to 70 wt. % 1-ring naphthenes, and 0 to 40 wt. % combined 2-ring naphthenes and aromatics, and has a ratio of 1-ring naphthenes to paraffins from 1.8 to 5.0, and a Viscosity Index of from 100 to 160. The lube base stock has a 14C level ranging from 2 to 101% of the modern day 14C level in the atmosphere, and yields a CCS ratio (Cold Crank Simulator (CCS) viscosity to the predicted CCS viscosity by Walther equation) of less than or equal to 0.85 at ?35° C. The base stocks are useful as in formulated lubricant compositions requiring improved low temperature properties.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions of a major amount of alkylated aromatics compounds, in particular alkylated naphthalene and alkylated benzene, optionally combined with API Group II, Group III, Group IV and/or ethylene copolymers, showing improved thermo-oxidation performance when containing an additive combination including an alkylated or non-alkylated diarylamine and a sulfur-containing metal passivator. Particularly, the lubricating compositions include at least 55 wt % of a base oil selected from the group consisting of alkylated naphthalene, alkylated benzene and combinations thereof, and from 0 wt % to 45 wt % of another base oil component. The ratio of amine component to sulfur component in the additive combination is from 1:1 to 20:1. The compositions contain an amount of base oil other than alkylated naphthalene, alkylated benzene and API Group II, Group III, Group IV and/or ethylene copolymers of less than 10 wt % based on the total weight of the components comprising the lubricating composition.

Abstract: Methods are provided for designing a blending component for making a plurality of lubricant products that contain the designed blending component. This can be accomplished by first determining a plurality of manufacturability index values for each desired lubricant product for a family of proposed blending components. The manufacturing index values can then be used to construct a manufacturability window for each lubricant product. The manufacturability windows for each lubricant product can then be analyzed to determine regions of overlap, if any, where a proposed blending component can be used with an increased likelihood to formulate each of the desired products. Alternatively, manufacturability windows can be used to determine suitability of pre-existing blending components for formulation of desired products.

Abstract: Methods are provided for oligomerizing a dilute ethylene feed to form oligomers suitable for use as fuels and/or lubricant base oils. The fuels and/or lubricant base oils are formed by oligomerization of impure dilute ethylene with a zeolitic catalyst, where the zeolitic catalyst is resistant to the presence of poisons such as sulfur and nitrogen in the ethylene feed. The oligomers can also be formed in presence of diluents such as light paraffins.

Abstract: Invention discloses an Impulse Drive useful to propel all types of flying, water or land vehicles or devices, without need of the lift the fluid air or water could provide. Propulsion is accomplished by the resultant force of a rotating impulse drive submerged in a fluid that is adjacent to a pressurized gas chamber, separated by a flexible membrane. Multiple impulse drives can be coupled to eliminate rotational movement components, resulting in unidirectional impulse force. Properly installed in a vehicle, it displaces it in the desired direction. This displacement can be performed equally in vacuum. It can be installed inside or outside the vehicle.

Abstract: A Group IV/Group V lubricating composition providing improved antioxidation performance comprises from 5 wt. % to 40 wt. % of a Group V base oil component, such as alkylated naphthalene, at least 30 wt. % of a Group IV base oil component, such as one or more polyalphaolefin base stocks, and from 0.25 wt. % to 1.5 wt. % of a trithiophosphate-containing compound. The trithiophosphate-containing compound is preferably C30H57O7PS3. The lubricating composition includes not greater than 5 wt. % of a Group I, Group II, or Group III base oil component, and, preferably not greater than 10 ppm heavy metal component. The lubricating composition preferably has a kinematic viscosity of from 20 cSt to 1,000 cSt at 40° C. and a viscosity index (VI) of from 130 to 200.

Abstract: Provided are high viscosity high quality Group II lube base stocks with improved properties produced by an integrated hydrocracking and dewaxing process. In one form, the Group II lube base stock includes greater than or equal to 90 wt. % saturates, and less than 10 wt. % aromatics, and has an aromatic performance ratio between 1.0 and 5.0. Also provided are lubricant formulations including the high viscosity high quality Group II lube base stock.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions of a major amount of alkylated aromatics compounds, in particular alkylated naphthalene and alkylated benzene, optionally combined with API Group II, Group III, Group IV and/or ethylene copolymers, showing improved thermo-oxidation performance when containing an additive combination including an alkylated or non-alkylated diarylamine and a sulfur-containing metal passivator. Particularly, the lubricating compositions include at least 55 wt % of a base oil selected from the group consisting of alkylated naphthalene, alkylated benzene and combinations thereof, and from 0 wt % to 45 wt % of another base oil component. The ratio of amine component to sulfur component in the additive combination is from 1:1 to 20:1. The compositions contain an amount of base oil other than alkylated naphthalene, alkylated benzene and API Group II, Group III, Group IV and/or ethylene copolymers of less than 10 wt % based on the total weight of the components comprising the lubricating composition.

Abstract: A Group IV/Group V lubricating composition providing improved antioxidation performance comprises from 5 wt. % to 40 wt. % of a Group V base oil component, such as alkylated naphthalene, at least 30 wt. % of a Group IV base oil component, such as one or more polyalphaolefin base stocks, and from 0.25 wt. % to 1.5 wt. % of a trithiophosphate-containing compound. The trithiophosphate-containing compound is preferably C30H57O7PS3. The lubricating composition includes not greater than 5 wt. % of a Group I, Group II, or Group III base oil component, and, preferably not greater than 10 ppm heavy metal component. The lubricating composition preferably has a kinematic viscosity of from 20 cSt to 1,000 cSt at 40° C. and a viscosity index (VI) of from 130 to 200.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods for determining the viscosity of a lubricating fluid in a process on line. The method of the present invention obviates the need to accurately control the temperature of the lubricating fluid in the system when taking fluid viscosity measurements.

Abstract: An apparatus for evaluating deposit formation characteristics of lubricant samples. The apparatus includes a reactor chamber having a closed first end and a second end, said closed first end of said reactor chamber forming a lubricant sump and said second end open to the atmosphere, an electric heater for heating a test coupon positioned thereon, said electric heater positioned within said reactor chamber, above said lubricant sump, an air supply tube, said air supply tube having a first end in fluid communication with a source of air and a second end, said second end positioned adjacent the test coupon, said air supply tube having a sample orifice located between said first end and said second end of said air supply tube and a lubricant supply tube, said lubricant supply tube having a first end positioned within said lubricant sump and in fluid communication with a source of lubricant and a second end, said second end positioned within said sample orifice of said air supply tube.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods for determining the viscosity of a lubricating fluid in a process on line. The method of the present invention obviates the need to accurately control the temperature of the lubricating fluid in the system when taking fluid viscosity measurements.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method that determines the necessary and sufficient tests to relate a variety of apparently non-related tests to desired final test results. The present invention also provides a method to determine those tests which, having been shown capable to be used in a high-throughput environment, are able to predict end-use qualification test results for lubricants, greases or industrial fluids. As a corollary, the present invention provides a method to select lubricant formulations and components based on apparently non-related, but predictive tests. In an applied example, the present invention is directed to a device and method that produces and evaluates formulated lubricants, functional fluids, and greases by determining previously unknown relationships between Intermediate Tests and End-use Tests.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method that determines the necessary and sufficient tests to relate a variety of apparently non-related tests to desired final test results. The present invention also provides a method to determine those tests which, having been shown capable to be used in a high-throughput environment, are able to predict end-use qualification test results for lubricants, greases or industrial fluids. As a corollary, the present invention provides a method to select lubricant formulations and components based on apparently non-related, but predictive tests. In an applied example, the present invention is directed to a device and method that produces and evaluates formulated lubricants, functional fluids, and greases by determining previously unknown relationships between Intermediate Tests and End-use Tests.