Abstract: A thermal management system includes: a first radiator, a first electric water pump, and a first coolant line configured to allow a coolant to be circulated by the first electric water pump; a second radiator, a second electric water pump, and a second coolant line configured to allow a coolant to be circulated by the second electric water pump; and a first flow control device and a second flow control device installed at front ends and rear ends of the first radiator and the second radiator so as to control a coolant flow direction between the first coolant line, the second coolant line, and a third coolant line. The third coolant line is installed so as to connect the first flow control device and the second flow control device to each other.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a semiconductor device, comprising: a bit line structure including a bit line contact plug, a bit line, and a bit line hard mask that are sequentially stacked over a substrate; a storage node contact plug that is spaced apart from the bit line structure; a conformal spacer that is positioned between the bit line and the storage node contact plug and includes a low-k material; and a seed liner that is positioned between the conformal spacer and the bit line and thinner than the conformal spacer.

Abstract: An apparatus performs a method for estimating residual stress of a material such as plastics. The apparatus includes an inspection unit configured to emit a terahertz wave to a subject to be inspected and to detect the terahertz wave transmitted through or reflected from the subject, and a controller configured to estimate residual stress of the subject based on the terahertz wave detected by the inspection unit.

Abstract: One aspect provides a physiologically based pharmacokinetic core model which may be commonly applied to two or more compounds that share the same core structure, and a method of constructing the physiologically based pharmacokinetic core model. According to the physiologically based pharmacokinetic core model and the method of constructing the physiologically based pharmacokinetic core model, there is the effect of conducting exposure evaluation simply only by deriving a distribution coefficient, without constructing a separate PBPK model for each individual compound.

Abstract: An embodiment method for controlling a compressor of a vehicle includes selectively controlling an operation of the compressor by determining and comparing a discharge pressure of the compressor and a temperature of an inverter with predetermined values based on data detected in real time when the compressor is operated to cool or heat an interior of the vehicle and operating a protection mode to prevent thermal burnout of the inverter in response to a determination that the discharge pressure of the compressor is higher than an operation stop pressure.

Abstract: Provided a high-pressure homogenizer comprising a channel module comprising a microchannel through which an object for homogenization passes, wherein the microchannel is provided with a first flow channel and a second flow channel sequentially arranged along the direction through which the object passes, the first flow channel is provided with a plurality of first baffles disposed so as to partition the microchannel into a plurality of spaces, the second flow channel is provided with a plurality of second baffles disposed so as to partition the microchannel into a plurality of spaces, and at least one of the first baffles is provided to be positioned between two adjacent second baffles.

Abstract: An operation method of a terminal in a communication system may include: receiving, from a base station, quality of service (QoS) information for preamble groups and information on preambles belonging to each of the preamble groups; selecting one preamble group from among the preamble groups based on the QoS information and a QoS of the terminal; selecting a preamble within the one preamble group based on the information on preambles belonging to each of the preamble groups; transmitting a first message including the selected preamble to the base station; and receiving, from the base station, a second message that is a response to the first message.

Abstract: An operation method of a terminal in a communication system may comprise: receiving, from a base station, basis preamble information and linear combination information; generating a superposed preamble by using the basis preamble information and the linear combination information; transmitting, to the base station, a first message including the generated superposed preamble; and receiving, from the base station, a second message that is a response signal for the first message.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate having a cell area and a peripheral area, transistors in the peripheral area over the substrate, a lower interlayer insulating layer between the transistors, interconnections and a first spacer layer over the transistors and the lower interlayer insulating layer, an upper interlayer insulating layer over the interconnections and the first spacer layer. The first spacer layer is disposed between the interconnections, The first spacer layer includes a first lower spacer layer and a first upper spacer layer over the first lower spacer layer. The first lower spacer layer and the first upper spacer layer include silicon, boron, and nitrogen. A boron concentration of the first lower spacer layer is different from a boron concentration of the first upper spacer layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a novel Group 4 metal element-containing compound having excellent thermal stability, a precursor composition including the compound, and a method for manufacturing a thin film using the precursor composition. The novel Group 4 metal element-containing compound according to the present disclosure and the vapor deposition precursor composition including the compound can have excellent thermal stability, realize thin film deposition in a wide temperature range, and reduce residues caused by heat loss, thereby preventing side reactions in a process. Additionally, the vapor deposition precursor composition according to the present disclosure can realize uniform thin film deposition, thereby securing excellent physical properties of the thin film.

Abstract: Proposed is a slim-type heat management system for an electric vehicle, wherein implementation of various heat management modes may be easily accomplished by using a minimum number of parts including two three-way expansion valves and the like, wherein the various heat management modes include a heat pump dehumidification mode, a dehumidification max mode, and the like, which are for defogging, in addition to an indoor cooling mode, a battery cooling mode, and a heat pump mode for heating. Accordingly, the system is capable of being usefully applied to an electric vehicle being small and an electric vehicle having priority of profitability over performance.

Abstract: A method for managing space of a physical office and a virtual office includes acquiring work activity data of one or more employees, determining an optimal office layout using the work activity data, evaluating a difference between the optimal office layout and a current office layout, and generating an office reorganization suggestion based on the evaluated difference.

Abstract: An operation method of a terminal may include: receiving, from a base station, an addition value KN, information on linear combination coefficient matrices for respective numbers of transport blocks, and configuration information on each linear combination coefficient matrix; dividing a source block into M transport blocks; selecting one linear combination coefficient matrix among the linear combination coefficient matrices based on M; generating (M+KN) network coding blocks by performing network coding on the M transport blocks with the selected one linear combination coefficient matrix; and transmitting, to the base station, messages each including one network coding block among the network coding blocks, a control index of the one linear combination coefficient matrix, and a preamble.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nanoliposome-microbubble conjugate, in which a complex of a Cas9 protein, a guide RNA inhibiting SRD5A2 gene expression and a cationic polymer is encapsulated in a nanoliposome, and to a composition for the amelioration or treatment of hair loss containing the same. Currently, drugs used for the treatment of hair loss cause serious side effects such as loss of libido or erectile dysfunction, and hair loss progresses again when drug treatment is stopped. However, when the nanoliposome-microbubble conjugate of the present invention is used, the expression of SRD5A2 inducing hair loss can be fundamentally suppressed, and the treatment of male hair loss can be performed very effectively.

Abstract: A thermally stable polypeptide having FGF7 activity is provided. The polypeptide is a thermally stable polypeptide having FGF7 activity, wherein, in SEQ ID NO: 1, a 120th alanine (A) is substituted with cysteine (C), one including at least one substitution selected from substitution of a 126th lysine (K) with aspartic acid (D) and a 178th lysine (K) with glutamic acid (E) or aspartic acid (D) forms a salt bridge with a 175th arginine (R), and a 133rd cysteine (C) and a 137th cysteine (C) are disulfide bonded.

Abstract: A pneumatic cutter with a concealed blade includes a pouch in which an inner space filled with air is formed and which includes a variable portion configured to, upon a pneumatic pressure being applied to an inner portion of the pouch, protrude outward as the inner space expands and, in a case where the pneumatic pressure is not applied to the inner portion of the pouch, be concavely recessed inward as the inner space contracts; and a blade installed at the variable portion and configured to, upon the variable portion protruding outward due to the pneumatic pressure being applied to the inner portion of the pouch, protrude toward an object to be cut and cut the object to be cut.

Abstract: A compound with enhanced etching resistance, gap-filling properties, and heat resistance includes a repeating unit represented by Formula 1.

Abstract: An operation method of a receiving node may include performing a decoding operation for calculating first and second output transform values corresponding to first and second unit output nodes in each of a plurality of operation units constituting the polar decoder, based on first and second input transform values corresponding to first and second unit input nodes, and the decoding operation may include setting initial values of first and second variables for calculating the first output transform value; performing an iterative loop operation for updating the first and second variables; and calculating the first output transform value based on values of the first and second variables updated until a time when the iterative loop operation is terminated, wherein the iterative loop operation is terminated without performing iterations in which the first and second variables are determined not to be updated among a plurality of iterations.

Abstract: A heat pump system for a vehicle includes a valve, an electrical component cooling device, a battery cooling device, an indoor heating device, an indoor cooling device, a centralized energy device, and a chiller to improve heating efficiency by regulating a temperature of a battery module by use of one chiller in which a cooler and a refrigerant exchange heat, recovers various heat sources in a heating mode of the vehicle and utilizes the recovered heat sources for indoor heating.

Abstract: A protein transduction domain and a fusion compound, which are more efficient, are proposed. As a result of selecting and testing a number of candidate peptides, the present inventors found that a GK1 peptide comprising 18 amino acids and a modified sequence obtained by replacing, adding, or deleting some sequences are bonded to high-molecular-weight materials such as proteins based on the basic sequence of the peptide, thus enabling the high-molecular-weight materials to smoothly penetrate into living bodies, for example, cells, tissues, or blood. A fusion compound, oligonucleotide, or vector using the same may be applied as a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating diseases.