Abstract: The invention relates to a process for hydrocracking hydrocarbon feedstocks having 200 ppm by weight to 2% by weight of asphaltenes and/or more than 10 ppm by weight of metals, comprising a hydrodemetallation treatment in at least 2 switchable reaction zones, containing hydrodemetallation catalyst and optionally hydrodenitrification catalyst, then a hydrorefining treatment to lower the organic nitrogen content, followed by a fixed-bed hydrocracking treatment and a distillation step.

Abstract: The invention describes a heteropolycompound constituted by a nickel salt of a lacunary Keggin type heteropolyanion comprising tungsten in its structure, with formula: Nix+y/2AW11-yO39-5/2y, zH2O wherein Ni is nickel, A is selected from phosphorus, silicon and boron, W is tungsten, O is oxygen, y=0 or 2, x=3.5 if A is phosphorus, x=4 if A is silicon, x=4.5 if A is boron, and x=m/2+2 for the rest, and z is a number in the range 0 to 36, in which said heteropolycompound has no nickel atom in substitution for a tungsten atom in its structure, said nickel atoms being placed in the counter-ion position in the structure of said compound.

Abstract: A method of determining physico-chemical properties of a petroleum sample from two-dimensional gas chromatography. The amounts of molecular compounds present in the sample are determined by means of two-dimensional gas chromatography. At least one physical property, such as the octane number, is then determined from these amounts. A previously calibrated relation connecting the physical property to the amounts is used to this end.

Abstract: The Invention is a method for quantitative analysis of a mixture of molecular compounds by two-dimensional gas chromatography having application for quantitative analysis of products from the chemical or petroleum industry. A two-dimensional gas chromatography is carried out, during which a chromatographic signal is recorded. A chromatogram in two dimensions on which chromatographic peaks form spots is generated from the signal. These spots are defined by means of polygons. Then, for each polygon, chromatographic signal portions contained between two intersections of the polygon with columns of the chromatogram are extracted. Start and end times are defined for the chromatographic peaks present in these portions and the polygon is adjusted by shifting its intersection points according to the start and end times of the chromatographic peaks. Finally, molecular compound amounts are determined by calculating the surface area of the polygons thus adjusted.

Abstract: The invention describes a heteropolycompound constituted by a nickel salt of a lacunary Keggin type heteropolyanion comprising tungsten in its structure, with formula: Nix+y/2AW11-yO39-5/2y,zH2O wherein Ni is nickel, A is selected from phosphorus, silicon and boron, W is tungsten, O is oxygen, y=0 or 2, x=3.5 if A is phosphorus, x=4 if A is silicon, x=4.5 if A is boron, and x=m/2+2 for the rest, and z is a number in the range 0 to 36, in which said heteropolycompound has no nickel atom in substitution for a tungsten atom in its structure, said nickel atoms being placed in the counter-ion position in the structure of said compound.

Abstract: A hydrotreating method (HDT) utilizes two plants working under different operating conditions with an intermediate stripping for co-treating a mixture made up of oils of vegetable or animal origin and petroleum cuts (gas oil cuts (GO) and middle distillates) in order to produce gas oil fuel bases meeting specifications. The first plant (HDT1) is more particularly dedicated to the reactions concerning oils of vegetable or animal origin in comixture while pretreating the hydrocarbon feed, whereas the second plant (HDS2) works under more severe conditions to obtain diesel fuel according to standards, in particular in terms of effluent sulfur content, density and cold properties.

Abstract: A hydrotreating method uses two catalyst beds with the introduction, on the last catalyst bed, of oils of animal or vegetable origin for co-treating a mixture made up of oils of vegetable or animal origin and of petroleum cuts (gas oil cuts (GO) and middle distillates) in order to produce gas oil effluents meeting specifications with an improved cetane number. The first catalyst bed is dedicated to only the deep desulfurization reactions (HDS1) of a petroleum type feed. The effluents of the first catalyst bed having an effluent sulfur content below or equal to 50 mg/kg are separated into two streams. The first stream, which is predominant, is sent to the gas oil pool. The second stream is mixed with oils of vegetable or animal origin. The resultant oil-petroleum cut mixture is then subjected to a milder hydrotreatment (HDT2). The effluents obtained at the outlet of the second catalyst bed can optionally be mixed with the predominant stream from the first bed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for hydrocracking hydrocarbon feedstocks having 200 ppm by weight to 2% by weight of asphaltenes and/or more than 10 ppm by weight of metals, comprising a hydrodemetallation treatment in at least 2 switchable reaction zones, containing hydrodemetallation catalyst and optionally hydrodenitrification catalyst, then a hydrorefining treatment to lower the organic nitrogen content, followed by a fixed-bed hydrocracking treatment and a distillation step.

Abstract: A method of determining physico-chemical properties of a petroleum sample from two-dimensional gas chromatography. The amounts of molecular compounds present in the sample are determined by means of two-dimensional gas chromatography. At least one physical property, such as the octane number, is then determined from these amounts. A previously calibrated relation connecting the physical property to the amounts is used to this end.

Abstract: The Invention is a method for quantitative analysis of a mixture of molecular compounds by two-dimensional gas chromatography having application for quantitative analysis of products from the chemical or petroleum industry. A two-dimensional gas chromatography is carried out, during which a chromatographic signal is recorded. A chromatogram in two dimensions on which chromatographic peaks form spots is generated from the signal. These spots are defined by means of polygons. Then, for each polygon, chromatographic signal portions contained between two intersections of the polygon with columns of the chromatogram are extracted. Start and end times are defined for the chromatographic peaks present in these portions and the polygon is adjusted by shifting its intersection points according to the start and end times of the chromatographic peaks. Finally, molecular compound amounts are determined by calculating the surface area of the polygons thus adjusted.

Abstract: A hydrotreating method uses two catalyst beds with the introduction, on the last catalyst bed, of oils of animal or vegetable origin for co-treating a mixture made up of oils of vegetable or animal origin and of petroleum cuts (gas oil cuts (GO) and middle distillates) in order to produce gas oil effluents meeting specifications with an improved cetane number. The first catalyst bed is dedicated to only the deep desulfurization reactions (HDS1) of a petroleum type feed. The effluents of the first catalyst bed having an effluent sulfur content below or equal to 50 mg/kg are separated into two streams. The first stream, which is predominant, is sent to the gas oil pool. The second stream is mixed with oils of vegetable or animal origin. The resultant oil-petroleum cut mixture is then subjected to a milder hydrotreatment (HDT2). The effluents obtained at the outlet of the second catalyst bed can optionally be mixed with the predominant stream from the first bed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydrotreating method (HDT) using two plants working under different operating conditions with an intermediate stripping for co-treating a mixture made up of oils of vegetable or animal origin and petroleum cuts (gas oil cuts (GO) and middle distillates) in order to produce gas oil fuel bases meeting specifications. The first plant (HDT1) is more particularly dedicated to the reactions concerning oils of vegetable or animal origin in comixture while pretreating the hydrocarbon feed, whereas the second plant (HDS2) works under more severe conditions to obtain diesel fuel according to standards, in particular in terms of effluent sulfur content, density and cold properties. The process economy, the activity and the stability of the catalyst of the second plant are greatly improved by the intermediate stripping.

Abstract: a) The invention relates to an integrated analysis method and device for characterization of a hydrocarbon sample in distillation fractions. The method carries out a simulated distillation so as to separate the sample into a light fraction and at least one heavy fraction, analyzes the light fraction, collects at least one heavy fraction after separation, and analyzes in detail at least one heavy fraction.